摘要:

AbstractEveryone wishes to know what the future holds; to understand the problems ahead so that they may be able to effectively manage possible future adverse events. This need to know and to understand the future is no less real now than it has ever been, and this is particularly true of groups, organizations and institutions, which, in a world of considerable flux, feel particularly vulnerable if they are not aware of the vital forces at work affecting their own fortunes.Consequently, a number of attempts have been made in the recent past to develop ways to become better informed about particular futures for specific needs. These improvements in ways of looking at the future will inevitably continue to develop. Organizational plans will become increasingly dependent upon such studies, and management, particularly R&D management, will need to be able to judge the value of such studies carried out on its behalf just as informed management attempts to assess, for example, the value of economic, market, manpower or raw materials forecasts.The intended purpose of this paper is to reduce some of the ‘futures studies’ mystique and to provide management with a feel for what can be done now as a result of forward thinking.That is, the intention is:—to introduce the concept of a futures study (why forecast?);—to suggest what it should encompass (what to ask for);—to describe some of the more useful methods together with suggested advantages and disadvantages (what are the tools?);—to recommend the type of analysis of a futures study which generates maximum effectiveness in the planning process.It is worth repeating that the emphasis in this paper is placed upon theuseto which a good futures study can be put, if effectively commissioned, analysed and

ISSN:0033-6807    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-9310.1979.tb00143.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1979

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThis paper describes a process of technology transfer planning evolved in a government research establishment to help get research results adopted by government, professions and industry. The process involves close co‐operation between the research team and specialists in communications and marketing to plan and undertake an active application campaign. The essential ingredients of a campaign are described and several practical examples quoted. Since employment of technology transfer planning should be reflected in improved return on research investment the process, although evolved in a government research organization, may be of wider interes

ISSN:0033-6807    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-9310.1979.tb00144.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1979

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe process of turning a promising chemical compound into a safe and effective drug is both expensive and risky. Effective strategic planning is vital to ensure that investment in staff and equipment is used productively and that an acceptable output of products can be maintained. But methods of planning in common use do not deal satisfactorily with the uncertainties. This paper sets out an analysis of the process and describes the use of a simple model to establish a strategic plan. The model allows the output, resource efficiency and robustness of a plan to be examined. Important conclusions about the relative distribution of resources between different activities are drawn and the effects of possible changes in regulatory requirements are explored.

ISSN:0033-6807    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-9310.1979.tb00145.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1979

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract‘Soft Science’ is defined by the Science and Technology Agency of the Japanese Government as a new methodology to forecast, plan. control and evaluate. This paper describes the activities of the Soft Science Group (SSG) which has been established in the Mitsubishi Electric Corporation. SSG presently consists of 13 members and has issued in excess of 300 reports in 5 years. Its basic activities are concerned with setting new research themes, information exchange meetings, and work on specific projects involving also engineers seconded from operating divisions. The paper summarizes these activities and presents a case example of planning a new product which has already been developed and commerciali

ISSN:0033-6807    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-9310.1979.tb00146.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1979

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractIn order to increase R&D efficiency, it is important to establish an R&D management system best suited for the particular enterprise. This paper presents the outline of the R&D management at Sumitorno Electric Industries, the organization of the R&D Group, the project evaluation method used, and the Sumitorno model of the profitability method as applied to project assessment.

ISSN:0033-6807    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-9310.1979.tb00147.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1979

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThis paper is a part of the study on the pattern and role of communication in small R&D projects which was carried out on two ongoing projects in one of the national laboratories of C.S.I.R. Here an attempt has been made: (i) to examine the types of problems solved and ideas generated by the scientists; (ii) to investigate the role of formal and informal communication channels actually used for problem‐solving and idea‐generation and the association, if any, between the type of channel used and the type of problem solved or idea generated; and (iii) to study the role of technological gatekeepers in the processes of idea‐generation and problem‐

ISSN:0033-6807    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-9310.1979.tb00148.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1979

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0033-6807    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-9310.1979.tb00149.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1979

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0033-6807    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-9310.1979.tb00150.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1979

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0033-6807    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-9310.1979.tb00151.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1979

数据来源: WILEY