ISSN:0033-6807    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-9310.1986.tb01172.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe authors state that the main need in the microcomputer field is not hardware or applications software but policies for linking microcomputers to company databases and information stores, referred to as communication capability. The paper presents a conceptual framework for the structure and degree of connectivity among the company microcomputer‐based information systems. The management problem is to find the right trade‐offs between the advantages to the individual having an autonomous dedicated microcomputer against the disadvantages to the organization of duplicated effort and data, and a fragmented information system.To find the optimum trade‐off the management has to take into account five major issues; the desirable degree of compatibility of hardware and software; hidden and obvious costs; impact on the user; change with time; and organizational issues.The authors analyse two sets of variables, those affecting the system and those affecting the individual, and identify about eight sub‐variables each of which should be taken into account when deciding the desirable level of performance of the total system. They reject a global multi‐criterion decision‐making approach and propose instead the division of the system into three levels each having its own criteria of performance and each its own degree of mutual connectivity. These are respectively, site‐wide applications (maximum connectivity), special applications uniting a sub‐set of individuals, and personal applications exclusively oriented on a single person.The paper concludes with guidelines for future study, mainly to clarify the issues, and a sketch of a prescriptive framework for organi

ISSN:0033-6807    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-9310.1986.tb01173.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThis study of 158 organizations sought to depict current uses of computers in R&D. A survey of senior R&D management by the Industrial Research Institute identifies a number of salient features. Routine computer use is becoming a characteristic of scientists, engineers, and managers. Yet characteristics of usage differ markedly by size of R&D unit and by line of business. Moreover, patterns of responses suggest on‐going changes toward the time when R&D will be strongly coloured by the context of an integrated, intelligent computer environment. This implies new roles and skill requirements for R&D managers, professionals, and support staf

ISSN:0033-6807    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-9310.1986.tb01174.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractWe were prompted to carry out a study by the apparent shortage in the literature of accounts of the successful application of the more advanced MS/OR and of IT techniques. Hopefully, the results would also prove useful in the design of appropriate R&D management courses. Our information was largely collected via a postal questionnaire. Face‐to‐face interviews with a number of the respondents and with R&D managers attending some of the Bradford Management Centre's post‐experience events provided the rest of the data.In this paper we report on the techniques used in project selection and project planning and control. In general, we concluded that there is a significant gap between the prescriptions of academics and consultants and the actual usage of advanced techniques for project planning and control. Project selection techniques tend to be relatively simple, e.g. checklists and project profiles. In project planning and control, PERT‐based methods and Research Planning Diagrams are much more popular than the more sophisticated app

ISSN:0033-6807    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-9310.1986.tb01175.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThis paper presents an empirical study on the practice of R&D management in a Newly Industrializing Country, Korea. Based on a review of literature, a survey framework has been generated. The data were collected from 73 laboratories of Korean private companies through a structured questionnaire, via mail and additional telephone interviews in some cases. The major findings concerning R&D planning, R&D project management and evaluation, and R&D personnel management are described. In Korea, substantial efforts have been made in order to enhance the efficiency of R&D management, though the practice of R&D management is by now in the unstructured/flexible phase. Beyond this study, more detailed research on the R&D management of Newly Industrializing Countries is needed.

ISSN:0033-6807    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-9310.1986.tb01176.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThis paper compares methods of energy management in Japanese and British industrial companies. It is based on the premise that Japanese industry has been more successful at adopting energy conservation measures and aims to highlight differences between the two countries' approaches to energy management.In both successful Japanese and British companies the value of energy monitoring and target setting is stressed. In Japanese companies the information gained from monitoring is pushed out to the shopfloor employees who can use the information in ‘good housekeeping’ campaigns. In British companies monitoring information is usually held centrally, thus reducing its usefulness in good housekeeping. The decentralisation of information in Japan, coupled with the encouragement of employee participation results in Quality Circle type exercises aimed at implementing energy conservation measures.At the investment level of energy management co‐ordination and systematic thinking is necessary in order to prevent sub‐optimisation of investments. Japanese companies are notable for their very detailed explicit planning of energy management, something few if any British companies practice. This planning process, as well as encouraging employee participation through being bottom up, also encourages systematic thinking about the linkages of energy conservation investments to other parts of the business such as new plant investment and marketing.As well as the managerial factors the legal requirement in Japan for companies with a certain energy consumption to have a qualified energy manager with certain legally defined duties helps to encourage energy conse

ISSN:0033-6807    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-9310.1986.tb01177.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThis paper compares innovative efficiency as proxied by a measure of R&D efficiency, between firms with organic and mechanistic R&D organizational structures. The results of the study support the hypotheses that organic structures experience greater efficiency in basic research, process‐related R&D and long‐term R&D activities than do mechanistic structu

ISSN:0033-6807    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-9310.1986.tb01178.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThis paper looks at some of the factors imposing on the resourcing of R&D in the face of fluctuating demand. R&D has various features that differentiate it from other aspects of corporate activity and consequently managerial strategies for dealing with R&D may vary substantially. The implications for R&D strategies and the acquisition of technology are considered under different demand conditions. Various alternative strategies are developed including contracting out, technology licensing and the maintenance of an in‐house facility through labour hoarding. New and existing empirical estimates are used to support the arguments and explain corporate strategy in this are

ISSN:0033-6807    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-9310.1986.tb01179.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

K. D. KILBURNReport of a Conference jointly organised by the R&D Research Unit of Manchester Business School, the journal R&D Management, and RADMA, in Manchester, 8–11 July, 198

ISSN:0033-6807    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-9310.1986.tb01180.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Review of Science and Technology Policies in Finland and Hungary—A Comparative Study. Edited by K. O. Dormer and L. Pal Hungarian Academy of Sciences, 1985. Price £19.75, L. GEORGHIOUQuality Control, Reliability and Engineering Design. Dhillon, B. S. Marcel Dekker 1985. Price $59. 25 O'seas $49.50 US + Canada, S. A. BERGENReview of Reindustrialization and Technology. by Roy Rothwell and Walter Zegveld Longman Group, 1985. £9.95., L. GEORGHIOUHow to edit a Scientific Journal. Claude T. Bishop. (Bowker Publishing Company UK) 1984 pp. 138 Price £234, Softback £16.50., S. R. EPTONScience as a Commodity: Threats to the open community of scholars. Edited by Michael Gibbons and Bjorn Wittrock. Longman Group Limited. 1985. Softback £9.95. xvii. 173 pages., GEORGE HAYWARDThe Cambridge Phenomenon: The Growth of High Technology Industry in a University Town, by Segal Quince and Partners. Published by Segal Quince and Partners, Hall Keepers House, 42 Castle Street, Cambridge, CB3 OAJ. England. 1985. Softback £15.00. 102 pages., GEORGE HAYWARDBusiness Negotiations with the Japanese. Rosalie L. Tung. Lexington Books 1985 242 pages Price: £21.50., S. A. BERGEN‘The Executive Mind’—Suresh Srivastva and AssociatesJossey‐Bass 1983. Hardback. £18.95, M. WALBANKEngineering Design for Profit. by D. J. Leech and B. T. Turner. Ellis Horwood Limited (Halsted Press: a division of John Wiley and Sons) 1985 Softback £8.50. 345 pages, GEORGE HAYWARDBeyond The Quick Fix. Ralph H. Kilmann—Jossey Bass Publishers Hardback

ISSN:0033-6807    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-9310.1986.tb01181.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY