ISSN:0033-6807    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-9310.1990.tb00686.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

From July 13–15 of 1988 individuals from nine countries gathered at the Manchester Business School for the fifth international conference of INTERSTUDY (the International Association for the Study of Interdisciplinary Research). Entitled Interdisciplinary Research and the World Marketplace, the conference was co‐sponsored by the Manchester Business School and the journal R&D MANAGEMENT. Founded in 1980, Inter‐study has endeavoured to advance the art and science of IDR (interdisciplinary problem‐focussed research) by organizing international meetings for representatives of the academy, industry, and government. Its major accomplishment has been publication of the results of those meetings in four books. These books, along with other publications in the growing field of IDR, provide a valuable collection of resources for scholars, managers, researchers, and practi

ISSN:0033-6807    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-9310.1990.tb00687.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The present is a companion paper to one dealing with the more general evolution of one particular funding programme for international R&D against a background of calls for the economic utility of such work. In the other paper the general unsolicited applications are shown, in general, to follow scientific demand and, as a case study, the response of the programme in one highly topical case is described. The present paper supplements these descriptions and observations with an examination of the directed research funding of the same organisation in special commissioned ‘sunset’ programmes, and offers some indications for policy formation as well as insights for applicants for fund

ISSN:0033-6807    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-9310.1990.tb00688.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Interdisciplinary research centres (IRCs) in the UK were originally set up by the UK Advisory Board for Research Councils (the ABRC) to foster cross‐disciplinary basic research. This activity was seen to be a fruitful way to help British industry overcome some of its current technological shortcomings. The author describes the strategy pursued by the ABRC in setting up the IRCs, their location, staffing policies, relationship to industry and other characteristics.The author indicates the problems faced by IRC managements in the present situation. There is financial stringency, they have to ensure continuity of expertise, a problem posed by the ABRC's insistence on a very small permanent core staff at each centre, and they have the difficult task of directing basic research, which has its own internal logic, towards externally defined objectives thought to be relevant to the British national interest.The author believes that only radical change can guarantee a successful future for the IRCs but is pessimistic that the ABRC's present tactics will procure i

ISSN:0033-6807    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-9310.1990.tb00689.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Theory and research from the field of interorganizational analysis is applied to University/Industry Research Collaborations with the intent of better understanding these relationships and facilitating innovation. Four general perspectives are employed:population ecologyresource dependencemarketing andprocessThe analysis suggests that:1. These collaborations may be a function of major changes in industry structure which deserves more macro‐level policy analysis.2. Competitive forces may encourage organizations to invest in collaborations with limited potential for innovation.3. Geographical proximity, and exchange of personnel and information are critical factors in the design of successful collaboration

ISSN:0033-6807    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-9310.1990.tb00690.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Any one area of interdisciplinary research is ephemeral: it either fails, or succeeds in solving a particular problem, or it expands until it develops into a new orthodoxy. As a style of tackling intractable problems it has unique value, but the costs can be high —both to individuals and to managers of R&D.It is the perceived costs that raise difficulties for managers wishing to implement interdisciplinary research. For success, the situation requiring an interdisciplinary approach must be so perceived by all involved and they must believe that the requirement will last for some years.Because it is a high risk activity where those taking part may find difficulty in returning to the mainstream of research, the rewards must be higher. The total benefits must be thought worthwhile both for those paying for the research, and for those who carry it out.The present paper discusses when interdisciplinary research should be adopted, how to make it work, and how to cope with some problems it create

ISSN:0033-6807    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-9310.1990.tb00691.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The paper addresses the present interest in human resources management in Dutch professional organizations, primarily in research institutions and engineering firms. The author has used the opportunity afforded by interviews with seven personnel managers to check their experiences with the academic literature on the social policies for professionals. He also benefited from responses of the interviewed persons and five personnel managers of industrial research organizations to his draft paper. After the overview of the policies of the seven organizations, the article looks at theoretical aspects that seem to stick out as essential for a more coherent social policy for professionals.First, it is concluded that management of human sources is not a hot issue in science and engineering discussions, but the need for it is often mentioned. Career development issues are already discussed in this and other journals, but still seem to be a key problem as there are no simple solutions available. Mid‐career issues are acknowledged and new directions for this increasingly important problem are discussed. Job assignment and motivation seem to be essential elements in career development. Management can increase the motivation by offering challenging assignments and opportunities for education and training, even at a later stage in the career of a professional. Some remarks are made about the advantages of the ‘dual ladder system’ for career development and the system of ‘assessment centres’ for career development selection of managers.The article ends with a strong plea for more management interest in the human resources aspect of professional Organizations. A new conference on the subject would

ISSN:0033-6807    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-9310.1990.tb00692.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The purpose of this paper is to provide managers with a set of guidelines to help them to choose the project evaluation and selection model that best suits their business environments. To this end the authors have surveyed the literature of the subject and used contacts made in training workshops with Swiss industry.From this information the authors have identified five key issues — signposts that mark the route towards the appropriate project selection method. Once a sufficiency of project proposals has been identified — more than could be implemented with the resources available — then one takes into account successively how far the selection parameters can be quantified, how far one project interferes with or depends on the completion of another, whether a project has one or more than one objective, and the degree of acceptable risk. The procedure is presented in the form of a binary decision tree the various branches of which lead ultimately to twelve archetypal groups of methods. Each group is in principle suited to a practical situation represented by some combination of the key issues recognizable by a manager.The paper discusses the strengths, weaknesses, limitations and practicality of the methods falling into each group. It concludes with suggestions about how a framework could be extended and refined. Keywords: Research and Development, Project Sele

ISSN:0033-6807    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-9310.1990.tb00693.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0033-6807    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-9310.1990.tb00694.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0033-6807    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-9310.1990.tb00695.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY