摘要:

Many firms in the transitionary economies of Central and Eastern Europe are searching for Western partners to assist them with technological development. They are particularly interested in joint ventures, strategic alliances, and management contracts. They feel that rapid infusion of new technology is the fastest way to economic recovery.The problem is that they do not understand how their level of technology compares to the technology level in Western economies. A significant technology gap exists. This problem is further complicated because managers from transitionary economies do not have appropriate technology assessment processes to assess internal as well as external technologies. This paper reviews this problem and offers some insights on it.

ISSN:0033-6807    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-9310.1994.tb00873.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

A method was developed to quantify the impacts of research. The method is able to identify indirect impacts of research, and the pathways through which they are disseminated. A fully connected network is constructed whose nodes represent research, technology, and mission areas. The total impact of a given research node on any other node is the sum of the impacts (link value products) along every path in the network, and includes research‐research, research‐technology, and technology‐research impacts. A pilot study was performed using a taxonomy of research and development nodes, with the raw input data (the link values) obtained from a survey of experts. An algorithm processed the data to provide total impact results, which are presented

ISSN:0033-6807    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-9310.1994.tb00874.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

RESPRO is a computer‐based planning tool for new‐product chemical research, particularly in the pharmaceutical and agro‐chemical industries. It helps the research manager to make quantitative judgements about the effects of different effort allocations to projects at the stage when large numbers of formulations are being tested. These then serve as the basis for estimating the profitability of any given allocation plan, and for adjusting a given plan to make it more profitable. The paper introduces RESPRO and sets it in the context of other similar proce

ISSN:0033-6807    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-9310.1994.tb00875.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The purpose of this paper is to build up a theoretical framework to study university‐industry interorganisational relations (U‐1 IOR) and formulate hypotheses which will be tested on empirical data in a future research phase. Then, a taxonomy for university‐industy relationships is proposed. Finally, the problem of evaluating relationships between universities and industries by defining the concept of ‘relationship performance’ is

ISSN:0033-6807    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-9310.1994.tb00876.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

For a number of years, pharmaceutical companies have been departing from a tradition of strict vertical integration, looking to external sources for at least some of their novel technology and products. The aim of this study was to determine whether (1) this is a long term, industry‐wide trend, or (2) merely a temporary or local response to acquire the technical capabilities of the biotechnology revolution of the 1970's, after which, with the new generation of technology in‐house, they will revert to primarily in‐house innovation. Analysis of secondary data on a representative sample of the fifteen largest drug companies in the United States, the United Kingdom, Germany and Switzerland indicated that between 1977 and 1987, these pharmaceutical companies increased their external R&D alliances nearly six‐fold on average. A large and growing proportion of pharmaceutical companies’ R&D alliances are formed with biotechnology firms which have proprietary technology, due to financial and innovative pressures. Far from being temporary, this resort to external sources of technology in the pharmaceutical industry follows the trends of the wider industrial world towards functional specialization. Thus, biotechnology companies are increasingly taking on the role of suppliers of i

ISSN:0033-6807    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-9310.1994.tb00877.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Dynamic changes within global markets are creating a need for different strategies for firms in the pursuit of competitive advantage. International technology alliances are one mode of organising the acquisition of competitive technologies which is especially important in technology‐intensive industries. However, managers have an especially difficult challenge when trying to deal with problems of high technical risk, frequent changes in technologies, different cultural and managerial styles and perspectives. This article addresses these issues as it examines the planning and implementation of the international technology alliance between Rover and Honda, during the past fourteen years. By most criteria used, this alliance was highly successful, and the article discusses not only the areas of successful technical impact which the alliance had on these companies, but also the insights learned by Rover from the management process of the alliance. It also develops a framework of issues which managers can use to implement and manage international technology alliance

ISSN:0033-6807    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-9310.1994.tb00878.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Skills shortages and training problems are forgotten by many companies when they adopt new technology. 52 engineering firms in a ‘traditional’ industry in a single local labour market were interviewed to examine their attitudes to new technology and the skills and training implications of technology adoption. Skills and training issues were often forgotten or misjudged during the new technology appraisal process. It was these same areas which created most problems for many companies after adoption. Misjudgements concerning the level of labour force flexibility and training requirements for staff often created problems after the adoption of new technology. Skills shortages for adopting firms are most acute at the skilled level, this predominantly concerns the ‘local labour market'. Most firms adopted a short term response to skills shortages. Relatively low utilisation of policy initiatives and ‘formal’ avenues of assistance prior to new technology adoption were also i

ISSN:0033-6807    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-9310.1994.tb00879.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0033-6807    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-9310.1994.tb00880.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0033-6807    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-9310.1994.tb00881.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0033-6807    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-9310.1994.tb00882.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY