摘要:

ABSTRACTA major problem to be faced in the coming decade is ensuring an adequate supply of trained staff to innovate and exploit new technologies. Historically this has often been defined as a macroeconomic supply‐demand issue, to do with generating people from the educational sector with the appropriate mix of expertise in the numbers required to meet demand in the industrial sector. In this paper the author makes the case that the concept of ‘expertise’ is not as simple as a supply‐demand view assumes. The definition of what is appropriate expertise for given jobs—technical and managerial—seems to be heavily influenced by who is trying to gain control over whom, a phenomenon that can also be seen at work in situations as diverse as shopfloor demarcations and the behaviour of professional bodies. If this is the case, the solution to the supply‐demand problem may well lie in the hands of the individual firm and its manpower policies, rather than in the overhaul of national systems

ISSN:0033-6807    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-9310.1982.tb00495.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1982

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTThe hierarchy of needs and concept of basic motivation proposed by Maslow have been widely accepted for the understanding they provide of management. Recently, a concept of decision style based on Jungian personality types has also been found useful in explaining some aspects of management. In this paper the two concepts are taken together to provide a better understanding of the individual scientist and therefore of research management. This concept of the ‘whole person’ is used to explain a number of issues. Objective evaluation of proposal benefits is more likely to be advocated by the thinking personality type, and more likely to be accepted by scientists who have fewer security needs. Objective selection procedures appeal to thinking personality types, and the subjective approach is preferred by feeling types. The advantages of both approaches are appreciated by the more creative scientists and administrators. Early adopters of innovation appear to have many of the characteristics of Maslow's self‐actualising individuals. The matrix organisational structure is seen to require a degree of self‐actualising behaviour in its participants before it will

ISSN:0033-6807    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-9310.1982.tb00496.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1982

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract: The purpose of the study reported in this paper is to examine the view that one of the reasons for the poor performance of British companies in certain engineering industries may be the relatively low technical sophistication of its domestic customers. Data for the study were collected predominantly by mail questionnaire from customer organisations in Great Britain and West Germany. The results of the study suggest that British customers are significantly less receptive to new technology than their West German counterparts, and less demanding of new technology from their suppliers. Given the importance of the domestic customer to new product development activity this appears to be a major problem for British suppliers, and suggests an alternative approach to public policy designed to improve the innovative performance of British Industry in these sectors.

ISSN:0033-6807    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-9310.1982.tb00497.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1982

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTProject selection is a process fraught with uncertainties. Technological uncertainty is one of the major contributors to the total risk and its reduction has been a subject of many attempts to provide the decision maker with better decision material.In the following paper, we summarise three cases representing different technological contents of technology transfer projects. The possible technological changes and the sensitivity of project profitability to them is presented and analysed.A methodological approach involving convolution of the technological risk into a conventional economical project analysis has been developed and is evaluated in this paper. In particular, the aspect of trimming the analysis procedure into an efficient routine is discussed.

ISSN:0033-6807    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-9310.1982.tb00498.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1982

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract: The literature of creativity consists mainly of prescriptive techniques and catalogues thereof. No unifying framework or vocabulary has emerged to enable comparisons to be made. It is suggested that the Catastrophe Theory of Thorn, though controversial, can contribute to this end.A version of the theory is used in an attempt to describe factors influencing success or failure in new product development and design in manufacturing industry and to indicate the position of de Bono's Lateral Thinking’ in the field of creativit

ISSN:0033-6807    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-9310.1982.tb00499.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1982

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0033-6807    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-9310.1982.tb00500.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1982

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0033-6807    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-9310.1982.tb00501.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1982

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0033-6807    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-9310.1982.tb00502.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1982

数据来源: WILEY