摘要:

AbstractThe literature on age and intelligence and scientific performance are briefly reviewed as a prelude to a more detailed consideration of recent work on the characteristics of innovative people. Attention is focussed on Kirton's measure of Innovation‐Adaptation and a suggestion is made that it measures a mixture of level of creativity and style of innovation, and that future work should concentrate on developing the three sub‐scales of originality, efficiency and rule‐conformity. Some implications for the selection and development of R and D personnel are out

ISSN:0033-6807    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-9310.1987.tb00049.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0033-6807    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-9310.1987.tb00050.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThis study examines the relationship between the volume of scientific and technical publications (papers) produced by industrial scientists, and the characteristics of the corporations in which they work. Specifically, the study examines 1. the relationship between several key financial characteristics of U. S. industrial firms and the production of scientific papers; 2. the relationship between the amount of scientific papers published by industrial scientists and the publication of patents; 3. the relationship between the quality of the scientists employed by U. S. industrial firms and the firms' output of papers and patents. Data from 225 U. S. corporations were collected for the years 1975 through 1983. The corporations chosen for the study all have a history of consistent R and D expenditure. There is a substantial correlation between patenting and the publication of scientific papers although controlling for the size of the corporation reduces the correlation. Large firms, as measured by their annual sales, produce proportionately fewer scientific papers than do small firms. The number of elite scientists in a corporation is more highly correlated with the publication of scientific papers than with patenting.

ISSN:0033-6807    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-9310.1987.tb00051.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe research seeks to identify different types or dimensions of new product success and the specific determinants of these different success types. Based on a sample of 125 companies, including 123 new product successes and 80 failures, three independent dimensions of success were found: financial performance, opportunity windows and market share. The determinants of success differ for the three performance dimensions. Managerial implications are discussed.

ISSN:0033-6807    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-9310.1987.tb00052.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractIn the two years from November 1983 to September 1985, an experimental innovation centre was set up at the University of Calgary to offer services to community ventures by using the existing resources to serve those people developing new ventures in the community. A conservative estimate of $250, 000 worth of resources was leveraged out of an initial operating grant of $20, 000. Outcomes from the first year's operations included $ 1.75 million value added to 50 of 65 community businesses receiving support.This article places the strategy used at the University of Calgary's Low Budget Innovation Centre with the context of related strategies for supporting new innovative ventures. The history of the centre is reviewed, some lessons drawn, and an operational model formulated.

ISSN:0033-6807    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-9310.1987.tb00053.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe literature on innovation and investment contains two contradictory strands. One emphasizes investment diversification as a form of risk reduction. The other emphasizes specialization as a way to exploit economies of scale and learning effects. The literature is surveyed and a simple model of optimal specialization is developed to clarify the issue. Comparative static results are presented.

ISSN:0033-6807    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-9310.1987.tb00054.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe author has conducted a critical review of methods for evaluating R and D, focussing on levels above the individual project or researcher. Methods are classified as peer review, interview and questionnaire, qualitative methods, and case studies. The author reviews their methodological strengths and weaknesses, the types of criteria applied (eg internal or external) in judging their values, and the uses to which the results of the evaluations are put, especially in policy‐making.She concludes that at the level considered evaluations have come to stay, but she can find no accepted rationale guiding the choice of method for a particular purpose or circumstance. Caution is therefore needed in selecting methods. She points out the need for empirical study of the effects of such evaluation

ISSN:0033-6807    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-9310.1987.tb00055.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

THE IMPORTANCE OF INDUSTRIAL DESIGN IN NEW PRODUCT MANAGEMENTReview of: Design and Innovation—Policy and Management.Product Design and Technological Innovation, Ed Robin Roy and David WieldDesign, Innovation and Long Cycles in Economic DevelopmentThe Politics of Management, by Douglas Yates Jr.The Transfer of Research Results into Industry. Proceedings of a Technical Change Centre conference held at the Geological Society on 23 September, 1985. Edited by John J. Qiunn. The Technical Change Centre, January 86International Journal of Technology Management. Editor in Chief: M. A. Dorgham, Published by Interscience Enterprises Ltd.Industrial R and D into the 1990's, by Bodroghy, Jervis and Montague. UKAEA, Harwell, 1985.High Technology Small Firms, Innovation and Regional Development in Britain and the United States. Ray Oakey.R and D Management Systems in Japanese Industry. Hajime Eto and Konomu Matsui (Eds.), Published by North‐Holland, Elsevier Science Publications, Amsterdam and New York, 1984. $54.00 140 Dfl.The Strategy and Performance of British Industry, 1970–80. Luffman, G. A. and Reed, R., Macmillan, London, 1984. |SL25. and Innovation and Entrepreneurship, Drucker, P. F., Heinemann, London,

ISSN:0033-6807    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-9310.1987.tb00056.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY