摘要:

AbstractIn an industry in which the benefits of R&D are often difficult to quantify, numerate processes for the selection of projects and portfolios are of limited usefulness. The processes that are used provide formal means, necessary in a large organization, to enable managerial judgment at an appropriate level to be applied to both project selection and the balance of the portfolios.

ISSN:0033-6807    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-9310.1975.tb01225.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1975

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractOrganizational separation between the research and development functions in industry and in government laboratories offers significant administrative conveniences. There is a possible hidden, associated cost, however, in terms of added impedance to the flow of technical information between the separated groups. This paper reports the results of a deliberate effort to circumvent an assumed communication barrier and a limited test of the validity of that assumption.

ISSN:0033-6807    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-9310.1975.tb01226.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1975

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractIn this paper the work of the technical function, along with that of the other functions is outlined in developing the Business Unit concept, put forward in the previous paper on Planning. It mainly covers the ongoing activities of the Business Unit and the work which can be seen as a natural evolution of its present activity. What it does not cover is the identification by both the Planning and Technical Functions of the longer term developments of a company or its Business Units, and also possibly the fields for still wider diversification. These will be dealt with in Part II.In many cases, however, a surprisingly high proportion of the Technical Function budget is spent on the natural extension of the present business and a means of analysis by business unit objectives is proposed so that other functions can participate in the setting of objectives and evaluating progress. Close identification with business unit objectives will be found helpful in eliminating waste and often identifying new problems for the Technical Function to pursue.

ISSN:0033-6807    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-9310.1975.tb01227.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1975

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractA growing body of empirical research shows that information which is actually put to use is most often transmitted by personal contact. This article reviews the literature to examine some of the reasons for the importance of personal contact in the transmission of information and then focuses on scientific and technical meetings as an environment designed to facilitate the transmission of information in this way. The review of the literature is included for completeness in Part II of the article. However, it is the foundation on which the empirical research described in Part I is based.Using the author's definition of meeting effectiveness this research shows that the person who is giving the most is also the most effective in gaining and utilizing information.

ISSN:0033-6807    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-9310.1975.tb01228.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1975

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe paper describes the concept, design and experience with a matrix approach to the problems of communication and co‐ordination in a multi‐discipline R&D activity.It puts forward a systems approach to the problem of overcoming ‘differentiations’ in high technology industry, as opposed to the individual in the role of ‘in

ISSN:0033-6807    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-9310.1975.tb01229.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1975

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThis paper brings together results of a number of studies of communication in R&D organizations. These studies show very clearly the way in which communication is influenced by the physical, architectural arrangement of the laboratory. Communication between individuals is very sensitive to both the horizontal and vertical distances separating them. The point at which it becomes desirable to add floors to a building was derived as a function of required floor area. Finally, a partially successful experiment is reported in which an attempt was made to improve communication in an organization through architectural change.The results presented here should form the basis for further experimentation in this same manner. The possibilities are almost limitless. It only remains for some good imagination to be applied to the problem.

ISSN:0033-6807    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-9310.1975.tb01230.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1975

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0033-6807    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-9310.1975.tb01231.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1975

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractAn analysis of the present situation. regarding the wastes produced by the United Kingdom garment industry is presented. It appears that fairly considerable amounts of materials uneconomic for conventional recycling are at present being wasted. Possibilities for utilization of these wastes are discussed.

ISSN:0033-6807    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-9310.1975.tb01232.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1975

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0033-6807    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-9310.1975.tb01233.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1975

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0033-6807    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-9310.1975.tb01234.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1975

数据来源: WILEY