摘要:

AbstractA pilot study has been carried out on one project: (a) to develop a suitable methodology for studying communication; (b) to see whether the findings of external studies apply to the laboratory; (c) to examine a part of the communication pattern of the laboratory. Results showed that for the project studied: (a) the needs of the project dominated the communication; (b) previous external findings on “technological gatekeepers” and “distance stopping communication” did not apply in the project studied; (c) a suit able methodology has been de

ISSN:0033-6807    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-9310.1972.tb00975.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1972

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThis study of the accuracy of cost and duration estimates for British defence R&D projects is based on an analysis of the records of 29 Army projects, initiated since 1960. The results are generally similar to American defence studies with which they are compared. The reasons for schedule slippages and cost escalations are examined and it is suggested that performance could be improved by more thorough project feasibility and definition studies and by a stronger project management organization.

ISSN:0033-6807    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-9310.1972.tb00976.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1972

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractIn recent years, the small technology‐based enterprise ('spin‐off') has had a significant impact on regional economic development. As a source of new technology and entrepreneurs, the university has made an important contribution to the formation of new enterprises.This article focuses on the role of the university as an incubator organization and the special problems of academic entrepreneurs and their firms. Guidelines are given to improve the academic entrepreneur's corporate performance and suggestions are offered to enable the university to facilitate the entrepreneurship process. The article concludes with a brief discussion of the future prospects for academic entrepreneurs

ISSN:0033-6807    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-9310.1972.tb00977.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1972

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThis paper summarizes results from a study of strategy choices and outcomes in one government laboratory over a fifteen‐year time period. Several considerations associated with the effectiveness of a parallel strategy are presented and discussed. These include different types of uncertainty encountered in a given problem and their effect on the rate of learning. Contrary to observations in other studies, the present results suggest that the rate of learning is often slow and may not be facilitated by the use of many parallel approaches in only early project stages. In many instances major uncertainties are not reduced until the product is evaluated in the operational environmen

ISSN:0033-6807    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-9310.1972.tb00978.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1972

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractDebate on the Rothschild report having become concentrated on the future of the Research Councils, there has been relatively little analysis of the wider implications of the core issue of the report, ‘accountability’ versus ‘independence’, This article offers a preliminary assessment of these two concepts, and especially of ‘accountability’. It is shown that while Rothschild's ‘customer‐contractor principle’ is likely to present new and serious difficulties for government departments, it may also lead to an important strengthening in their capabilities. The essay seeks overall to initiate a full discussion of the procedures associated with the principle and underlines the need for further detailed consideration of the accountability‐i

ISSN:0033-6807    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-9310.1972.tb00979.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1972

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0033-6807    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-9310.1972.tb00980.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1972

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe thesis of this note is that time is inherently underestimated because estimators are influenced by a time‐horizon which has no objective existence. The bias will increase with the complexity, unfamiliarity and uncertainty of the task. Implications of this are indicated, and its bearing on a study recently published in this journal is briefly touched upon. An independent test would probably require the methods of individual or social psychological research. The possibility of improving time‐estimation would exist if the time‐horizon to which individuals are subject could be ascert

ISSN:0033-6807    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-9310.1972.tb00981.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1972

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0033-6807    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-9310.1972.tb00982.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1972

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0033-6807    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-9310.1972.tb00983.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1972

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0033-6807    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-9310.1972.tb00984.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1972

数据来源: WILEY