ISSN:1065-6995    

DOI:10.1006/cbir.1994.1035

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:1065-6995    

DOI:10.1006/cbir.1994.1036

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractCo‐cultures of embryos with somatic cells, usually in the form of monolayers, or conditioned medium from these somatic cells, results in development past the early stage blocks and the formation of hatched blastocysts. Optimum rates of development are not achieved, however, and the task is to investigate components of the oviduct that are obligatory or facilitative for embryo development. Glycine and alanine are amino acids present in much higher concentrations in oviduct fluid than in serum or culture media. Glycoproteins specifically produced by the oviduct around oestrus bind to embryos and aid development but are absent from most culture media. These glycoproteins are induced by oestrogen in vivo but not in vitro. It is our contention that co‐cultures of mammalian embryos should include appropriate concentrations of amino acids and a source of embryotrophic glycoproteins as an additive or by including stromal cells in addition to epithelial ce

ISSN:1065-6995    

DOI:10.1006/cbir.1994.1037

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe plasma membrane of uterine epithelial cells and its changes during early pregnancy are reviewed. The review first examines morphological alterations in rats and mice and laboratory rodents and finds that similar changes in membrane organization accompany the peri‐implantation period: long, thin, regular microvilli are gradually converted into irregular, flattened projections. It is also found however, that in many other species related plasma membrane alterations are seen during early pregnancy. Molecular alterations in the membrane are also examined and although the evidence is so far limited, striking similarities are noted across species. The review also examines some new morphological studies on the alterations in the plasma membrane of uterine epithelial cells during early pregnancy and concludes that a process of plasma membrane transformation may be a common response across specie

ISSN:1065-6995    

DOI:10.1006/cbir.1994.1038

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:1065-6995    

DOI:10.1006/cbir.1994.1039

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractMenstruation, angiogenesis, embryo implantation and placentation are natural processes involving degradation of the extracellular matrix within the endometrium. A number of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and their natural tissue inhibitors (TIMPs) have now been identified in association with these processes. In particular, mRNA for proMMP‐1 and proMMP‐3 and for TIMP‐1 and TIMP‐2 are elevated in human endometrial tissue at menstruation compared with other times of the female reproductive cycle. ProMMPs −1, −2, −3 and −9 are released from cultured human endometrial stromal cells, production of all but proMMP‐2 being regulated by cytokines known to be expressed in human endometrial epithelium. At least two gelatinases are released by ovine trophoblast in culture and can be flushed from the uterine lumen at the time of implantation. Thus, matrix metalloproteinases clearly have roles in normal endo

ISSN:1065-6995    

DOI:10.1006/cbir.1994.1040

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryThe primate endometrium undergoes distinct morphological changes during the menstrual cycle. These alterations are regulated by the steroid hormones, estrogen and progesterone. Several lines of evidence suggest that some of these hormonally induced changes may be modulated by growth factors. Our studies have focused on characterizing the secretory activity of the uterine endometrium associated with these hormonally regulated morphological changes during the menstrual cycle and pregnancy in the baboon. Additionally, we have also attempted to study the regulation of specific growth factors and their receptors. In this review we present evidence to indicate that growth factor receptors for insulin‐like growth factor‐I (IGF‐I) and epidermal growth factor (EGF), and secretory proteins, insulin‐like growth factor binding protein‐1 (IGFBP‐1) and retinol binding protein (RBP), which are present in the glandular epithelium during the menstrual cycle, undergo cell‐specific changes in gene expression at the implantation site during pregnancy. We postulate that these alterations in growth factor receptor and secretory protein expression are conceptus modulated and may play important regulatory roles during trophoblast invasion and de

ISSN:1065-6995    

DOI:10.1006/cbir.1994.1041

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe three methods of culturing bovine zygotes; surrogate oviducts, co‐culture and defined media are compared and contrasted. Surrogate oviducts provide the best environment and so provide a benchmark to compare in vitro culture systems. At present, co‐culture systems provide a convenient method of reliably producing embryos suitable for transfer. This is important for commercial embryo production. The use of defined media is improving and can be as efficacious as co‐culture. The advantage of defined culture systems is the ability to find the requirements of an early embryo and to tailor media to meet them. It is suggested that maturation, not zygote culture, may be the constraint in embryonic develo

ISSN:1065-6995    

DOI:10.1006/cbir.1994.1042

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:1065-6995    

DOI:10.1006/cbir.1994.1043

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:1065-6995    

DOI:10.1006/cbir.1994.1044

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY