摘要:

This paper is divided into two parts. In the first part the consequences of permanent differences in the rates of productivity growth between economic activities are dealt with. Special attention is given to the substitution of self‐service activities for marketed services. The former are tentatively defined as activities carried out outside the market having the following principal inputs: consumer's time, industrial products (mainly durables), and energy. The emergence of self‐service activities challenges the conventional division of man's time into work for market and leisure, which should be replaced by a more detailed breakdown. Consumers’preference for self‐service results mainly from high taxation, high real wages and equality in the distribution of personal income. Because of the growth of self‐service activities in industrialized countries a non‐negligible part of the population's productive effort will be difficult to record, since it will neither appear on the market nor have market value. The need to record self‐service activities would be most strongly felt in statistics on private consumption, but would also have consequences in the measurement of the nation's welfare. One should make a distinction between consumption of marketed services and their self‐service substitutes in order to provide information on the complementarity of the energy, time and material inputs into various self‐service activities and on the substitutability between them and marketed services. This could perhaps be done with the help of extended commodity‐private expenditure matrices. The recording as well as the valuation of non‐market working time would probably cause great difficulties. Self‐service activities are also becoming sufficiently important to warrant their inclusion in the debate on the measurement of the nation's productive effort and of the nation's welfare. But any recording of self‐service activities would be a controversial measure since it would require recourse to imp

ISSN:0034-6586    

DOI:10.1111/j.1475-4991.1976.tb00838.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1976

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

This paper is about the theory of the measurement of real income. By “theory of measurement” I mean the characterization of statistical terms as variables in a model, just as real consumption is characterized as an indicator of utility and the consumer price index is characterized as the cost of attaining a given level of utility in the economic theory of index numbers developed by Konus, Frisch and others half a century ago. I identify five logically distinct and internally‐consistent concepts of real income: maximum sustainable consumption, consumption plus the output of new capital goods, consumption plus the increase in the capital stock where capital can be measured in two quite separate ways, and the sum of actual consumption and consumption forgone in the investment process. The last of these concepts is the most appropriate as a guide to producing long time series of real income for measuring a country's rate of economic g

ISSN:0034-6586    

DOI:10.1111/j.1475-4991.1976.tb00839.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1976

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

This paper gives a general description of the principles and methods in connection with making estimates of capital stock and capital consumption in the Swedish National Accounts, with breakdowns into industries and purposes of government services. The first section of the paper deals with definitions, principles and related questions. The major part of the estimates have been made according to the perpetual inventory method. The principles of this method are summarized. A number of problems relating to price indices are also described, as well as problems of valuation of capital for net worth and capital consumption estimates. The second section describes the methods of estimation and sources of data. The calculations have been made on a level of disaggregation into 41 industries and 13 purposes of government services. Three methods are used, i.e., direct estimates for capital objects, where some form of current stock data has been available, insurance values as proxy for replacement values, and perpetual inventory estimates. Comparisons between estimates according to the various methods are made in a number of cases.In the third section a few special problems regarding the quality of the estimates and the possibilities of improving the estimates are explored. The main problems refer to the lack of gross fixed capital formation data, in the form of detailed series which are consistent, cover a long period, and are deflated with an adequate set of price indices. The lack of information on survival curves and durabilities of various types of capital objects is also a severe set‐back. Direct inventories would improve the level of the estimates, but they would also be difficult and costly to undertake. The change in capital stock would in any case have to be determined on the basis of gross fixed capital formation dat

ISSN:0034-6586    

DOI:10.1111/j.1475-4991.1976.tb00840.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1976

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

This paper describes a study designed to provide quarterly estimates of the real capital stock of the United States by sector and industry, which is being undertaken by the Conference Board. It surveys the history of wealth estimation in the United States, and goes on to describe work now in progress both in the Bureau of Economic Analysis and by private researchers. It then continues with a description of the methodology being used in the Conference Board study.

ISSN:0034-6586    

DOI:10.1111/j.1475-4991.1976.tb00841.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1976

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The history of national accounting in Argentina is presented in brief. The use of the production method as a basis for GDP estimates is explained and sources and methods of deriving the estimates for different sectors are commented on in some detail. Next the reliability of the estimates is examined for sectoral product, national income by factor shares and the components of final expenditure in terms of the comparison of two different estimates for the period 1950–1963. The degree of accuracy is judged to be generally sufficient, but the importance of economic censuses in the process of estimation is stressed. The importance of detailed studies on several different aspects of the economic structure (input‐output, personal and family income by size and regional accounts) is also stressed as a basis for improving the reliability of estima

ISSN:0034-6586    

DOI:10.1111/j.1475-4991.1976.tb00842.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1976

数据来源: WILEY