摘要:

The purpose of this paper is to describe the conceptual and statistical basis of the estimates of United States public and private spending for pollution abatement and control (PAC) prepared by the Bureau of Economic Analysis, U.S. Department of Commerce. The concepts and definitions were designed to ensure comparability with the national economic accounts since much of the analysis of the effects of environmental programs on the economy is conducted with the aid of the accounts. The work to date has been limited to pollution associated with harmful “foreign” substances and forms of energy discharged in the course of production, distribution and consumption. The conceptual base includes evaluation of benefits, but estimates completed thus far are limited to the cost of pollution abatement and control.Definitions are given for pollution, pollution abatement, direct pollution abatement cost, indirect pollution abatement cost and indirect benefits. A framework for the estimation and presentation of PAC expenditures is developed and the estimate of U.S. PAC expenditures for 1972 and 1973 is presented. A brief chronological summary of the BEA project is also provi

ISSN:0034-6586    

DOI:10.1111/j.1475-4991.1977.tb00006.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1977

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The historical background and present methodology used in compiling the U.K. official estimates of the stock of fixed capital are described. Mention is made of the possibility that with the development of commercial accounting direct estimates of capital stock may be derived from enterprise accounts at some future time. For the present, however, an indirect perpetual inventory approach is followed. Some of the deficiencies of the present estimates are discussed including the effects of possible biases in the life‐length assumptions, price indices and the treatment of secondhand assets. Estimates of gross capital stock are given analysed by industry group of ownership and by type of asset.Some conceptual issues are discussed in relation to user requirements, including the distinction between the stock of capital and the flow of services from it.The authors conclude that little can be done to improve the perpetual inventory estimate of fixed capital in the U.K. without devoting more resources to the collection and analysis of new information, particularly on the service lives of fixed assets, the extent of leasing and the transfer of assets between industrie

ISSN:0034-6586    

DOI:10.1111/j.1475-4991.1977.tb00007.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1977

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

This paper computes new indexes of output for refrigerators, using hedonic methods to adjust for quality change. The hedonic technique is applied in a new way (it is used to make quality adjustments to prices before they are used in the index), and the results are compared with those from methods used in previous hedonic investigations.There are three major findings. (1) Overall (1960–1972), our hedonic deflated output series rise more rapidly than conventional measures, because the price indexes used for deflation rise more slowly. (2) The output measures fluctuate more than do output measures produced by conventional methods, because adding hedonic quality adjustments to WPI indexes moves them up in some years and down in others, and the resulting adjustments to the output series were positively correlated with changes in output. (3) Applying methods used in previous studies produces larger adjustments to the published indexes, suggesting that some of the differences noted in previous studies between hedonic indexes and official published indexes are related to computational methods, not to quality adjustmen

ISSN:0034-6586    

DOI:10.1111/j.1475-4991.1977.tb00008.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1977

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

This paper is concerned with the theoretical problems of devising indexes of quality change and with some of the practical problems of constructing such indexes from market data, relating these to the various attempts to construct such indexes in the past. The general conclusion is that, while quality is inherently ordinal, there are three different indexes which might be taken as “measures” of quality change. If changes are sufficiently small, the values of all three indexes will coincide and then, only, can we consider any one of them to be an unambiguous measure of the cha

ISSN:0034-6586    

DOI:10.1111/j.1475-4991.1977.tb00009.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1977

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

In its first part, this note is a summary of the French version of the discussion paper submitted to the present IARIW Conference.1The second part is devoted to theoretical aspects of aggregation, as regards preference aggregation, and gives necessary and sufficient conditions which are useful for our purposes.

ISSN:0034-6586    

DOI:10.1111/j.1475-4991.1977.tb00010.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1977

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0034-6586    

DOI:10.1111/j.1475-4991.1977.tb00011.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1977

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0034-6586    

DOI:10.1111/j.1475-4991.1977.tb00012.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1977

数据来源: WILEY