摘要:

Contrary to conventional macro theory, it is not the consumption function in terms of either the permanent income or the life‐cycle theory of saving that has furnished the saving for enterprise capital formation in the United States. Household sector accounts indicate that household gross saving, correctly measured, did not exceed household gross capital formation in the United States over the period since 1947. Furthermore, historical data on enterprise saving and capital formation in the United States, and cross‐section tax return data of U.S. corporations indicate that the gross saving for many enterprise sectors has been equal to or greater than their gross capital formation. There are exceptions, however: these same sources indicate that public utilities have borrowed substantially to finance their capital formation. Finally, it is argued that employer pension and insurance reserves held by financial institutions for future benefit payments represent retained income of a nature similar to undistributed profits, and that these constitute a source of saving in the econ

ISSN:0034-6586    

DOI:10.1111/j.1475-4991.1992.tb00417.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The author reconstructs the income distribution of families in Paraguay for 1972, 1982, and 1988 by aligning three different urban household surveys with two farm income and two land tenure studies within a national accounts framework. He finds, first, a narrowing disparity between average family incomes in agriculture and non‐agriculture in the recent decade, and, second, a steady widening in the agrarian distribution in contrast to a more stable non‐agricultural distribution. The “cross‐over” of the Paraguayan agricultural distribution from one of greater to lesser equality than the non‐agricultural distribution is also found for a number of other recent cases and confirms Kuznets' speculation about the North American data. In the Paraguay experience, the “cross‐over” may be due to the deepening cleavage between the commercial minifundia and the modernizing latifundia in the areas of new settlement. Paraguay's countrywide distributions are also compared to other Latin American economies of similar income level and ag

ISSN:0034-6586    

DOI:10.1111/j.1475-4991.1992.tb00418.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Real output measures in the UN System of National Accounts should be continually re‐evaluated, to ensure they are providing indicators appropriate for user needs. The South African gold mining industry is an intriguing case in which the conventional output indicators are highly misleading for various analytical purposes, largely because the usual background assumptions are particularly invalid. Due to the size of the industry, its precise treatment can have sizeable effects on estimates of the growth of GDP, particularly over periods when the price of gold changes. A number of easily produced additional output measures are suggested to help analyse productivity growth and differences between the growth of real output and real income

ISSN:0034-6586    

DOI:10.1111/j.1475-4991.1992.tb00419.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

In this article the authors discuss some elements of the structure of an overall integrating system of economy‐related statistics. First of all attention is paid to the core of such a system. Next, the various types of modules which could supplement this core are described. Modules with a social connotation are discussed with the help of the Socio‐economic Accounts which have been developed recently in the Netherlands. Finally, the link between the Socio‐economic Accounts and the National Accounts Core System is addressed and numerically illust

ISSN:0034-6586    

DOI:10.1111/j.1475-4991.1992.tb00420.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The objectives of this study are to decompose household consumer expenditure inequalities in India by regions (states) and sectors (urban‐rural) for the years 1977–78 and 1983 based on the National Sample Survey data. A class of Generalised Entropy measures is used. Our results consistently indicate that the inequality within states contributes much more towards national inequality and within‐sector inequality explains a large part of state level inequality. The inequality at state levels has shown a decline from 1977–78 to 1983 due to a better monsoon season in 1983, and anti‐poverty p

ISSN:0034-6586    

DOI:10.1111/j.1475-4991.1992.tb00421.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0034-6586    

DOI:10.1111/j.1475-4991.1992.tb00422.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0034-6586    

DOI:10.1111/j.1475-4991.1992.tb00423.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY