摘要:

This paper presents a new annual series for United Kingdom gross national product, at current and constant prices, calculated from the expenditure side. These results differ significantly from previous estimates in that they go back to the beginning of the railway age on an annual basis and also in that the constant price estimates involve a detailed deflation of the main components of expenditure on consumption and capital formation. The implications of the new results are summarised, with particular reference to rates of growth and relative price changes, and an appendix describes the sources of the estimates.

ISSN:0034-6586    

DOI:10.1111/j.1475-4991.1968.tb00938.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1968

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The measurement and inter‐spatial comparison of Latin American real income levels calls for techniques which depart substantially from the conventional procedure of applying such official or free market exchange rates as happen to prevail in any given period. The reasons are varied, the main ones being that in an area such as Latin America prices are notoriously volatile, their structure differs radically from that encountered in other parts of the world, and the exchange rate system is characterized by frequent and usually irregular revisions, while in certain countries a multiple exchange rate system applies and no single factor is available for conversion purposes. In addition, there exists the problem common to all developing countries that the rates to a large extent reflect the exchange value of a limited number of export commodities vis‐à‐vis a wide range of imported goods and in no way typify the internal‐external price relationship for the bulk of production which by its nature fails to enter into international trading transactions.The author has endeavoured to circumvent these difficulties by adopting the often‐discussed “purchasing power parity” approach whereby national accounts data are converted into a common monetary denominator (in this case, the U.S. dollar) expressed in “real” or quantitative terms which as far as possible eliminate inter‐spatial price differences. Results are presented and analyzed, first for the base year 1960, and then for the period 1955–1964 at the level of main expenditure sectors as well as for the total gross domestic product.To the extent that available statistics permitted, results for Latin American countries are also related to the United States and certain countries in Western Europe, a main objective being to determine the approximate dimension of the incomes “gap” and to ascertain whether this is increasing, decreasing or remaining v

ISSN:0034-6586    

DOI:10.1111/j.1475-4991.1968.tb00939.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1968

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

In my article I have taken up different expressions for the terms of trade in foreign trade, and especially I have been interested in a breakdown of total gain into two parts, namely the part due to the terms‐of‐trade effects and the part due to the price level effects. I have also taken up the inter‐sectoral gain from terms of trade and the relation to the terms of trade in foreign trade. Besides the usual index for terms of trade‐the ratio between output prices and input prices‐I have also introduced another index for terms of trade corresponding to the relation between the output price index and an index consisting of a weighted average of input prices and prices for final demand. Finally I have tried to give some emperical findings which should throw light on the development of the Danish terms of trade for the period 194

ISSN:0034-6586    

DOI:10.1111/j.1475-4991.1968.tb00940.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1968

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

This article discusses the revival of interest in research on cyclical behavior in the socialist countries, and the resulting shifting requirements placed upon the national income accounts. The first section discusses the economic experience and the institutional factors leading to this shift in emphasis. The second section deals with the use of national accounts in cyclical analysis, with particular reference to the Czechoslovak experience. The third section extends the discussion to the use of national accounts data for economic forecasting. The final section discusses the theory of economic fluctuations under socialism, and compares it with cyclical behavior in capitalist economies.

ISSN:0034-6586    

DOI:10.1111/j.1475-4991.1968.tb00941.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1968

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0034-6586    

DOI:10.1111/j.1475-4991.1968.tb00942.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1968

数据来源: WILEY