摘要:

It is a truism that the national accounts have engendered their own concept of income which is different from other contexts such as business accounting, taxation or welfare analysis. Less known are the principles on which this income concept is based. This article is an attempt to specify such principles, investigating in particular the role of the transaction principle, and to derive an income concept therefrom. The crucial point of the argument is whether or not it is appropriate within the system of the national accounts to assign an income to sectors other than the households. The theory is applied to some practical questions which have been discussed in the process of the revision of the SNA.

ISSN:0034-6586    

DOI:10.1111/j.1475-4991.1991.tb00369.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

We find that household wealth is distributed more unequally in the U.S. in 1983 than France in 1986. The Gini coefficient is 0.77 for the U.S. and 0.71 for France. There are also significant differences in the composition of wealth. Owner‐occupied housing accounted for half of total assets in France, and only 30 percent in the U.S., while corporate stock and financial securities amounted to 19 percent in the U.S. and 8 percent in France. The debt‐equity ratio was 0.13 in France and 0.20 in the U.S. The age‐wealth profile in the two countries had the characteristic hump‐shape predicted by the life‐cycle model, but the profile was much flatter in France and peaked for families aged 50–59 in France, compared to 60

ISSN:0034-6586    

DOI:10.1111/j.1475-4991.1991.tb00370.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

In this paper, results of applying the subjective definition of poverty, introduced by Goedhartet al.(1977), in the U.S. and the Netherlands are compared. This definition focuses on the monetary amounts which people consider necessary to make ends meet for their households as provided in response to the Minimum Income Question (MIQ). National data from both countries in the early 1980s are analyzed. In regressions of reported minimum income, corrections are made for the omission of income components and selective non‐response. For the first time the relationship between fixed expenditures and the MIQ is examined. Factors significantly related to reported minimum income include household income, household composition, age, education, sex, region, fixed expenditures, and whether the household experienced recent income changes. The income elasticity appears to be smaller in the U.S. than in the Netherlands, while the effects of other socioeconomic factors are greater. On average, the resulting subjective income thresholds are above official poverty lines, but more so in the U.S. than in the Nerherlands. Whether thresholds based on answers to MIQs should be regarded as poverty lines remains open to questio

ISSN:0034-6586    

DOI:10.1111/j.1475-4991.1991.tb00371.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

In this paper, the relation between inequality and welfare index “reversals” is characterized. By the identification of these reversals, upper and lower bounds are established for Atkinson's parameter of inequality aversion. This exercise shows that a level of inequality aversion high enough to show welfare improving over the “egalitarian decline” of 1978–81 in Poland is too high to show improvement over the “elitist growth” of 1981–86 in the Soviet Union. However, even if the lower bound of inequality aversion is assumed, plausible projections on Soviet growth and distribution still show social we

ISSN:0034-6586    

DOI:10.1111/j.1475-4991.1991.tb00372.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

A well‐known way of using tendency survey data is the construction of Composite Leading Indicators (CLIs). It is rather peculiar that CLIs pretend to predict macroeconomic aggregates, while their construction is not consistent with the way actual macroeconomic statistics are compiled. This paper contains preliminary results of an attempt to integrate tendency survey indicators into the framework of the Dutch Quarterly Accounts. We conclude that tendency survey indicators can contribute to an explanation of trends in “real” economic variables. Many of these indicators lead the Quarterly Accounts indicators. They can, therefore, contribute to a timely estimation of National Accounts aggre

ISSN:0034-6586    

DOI:10.1111/j.1475-4991.1991.tb00373.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

This paper develops a new index of stratification that highlights the distinction between inequality and stratification. The stratification index captures the extent to which population subgroups occupy distinct strata within an overall distribution. The indices are group specific and control for group size. A weighted sum of group stratification indices is the third term that, together with between‐group inequality and a weighted sum of within‐group inequality adds to the overall Gini index of inequal

ISSN:0034-6586    

DOI:10.1111/j.1475-4991.1991.tb00374.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

J. Porket, Work,Employment and Unemployment in the Soviet UnionI. Birman,Personal Consumption in the USSR and the USA

ISSN:0034-6586    

DOI:10.1111/j.1475-4991.1991.tb00375.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0034-6586    

DOI:10.1111/j.1475-4991.1991.tb00376.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0034-6586    

DOI:10.1111/j.1475-4991.1991.tb00377.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY