摘要:

Estimating the elderly's relative economic well‐being is of policy importance, but the procedure poses several technical problems. We propose a methodology for such comparison and present results from its application. Household income of persons is adjusted for household size, underreporting of unearned income, and the annuitized value of assets. By this measure, the elderly are on average 124 percent as well off as the nonelderly. Their households are on average 183 percent as well off as those of children under 6. Inequality is greater than at any other age and increases further for those over 7

ISSN:0034-6586    

DOI:10.1111/j.1475-4991.1990.tb00302.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Using poverty lines representing the fixed basket of goods and services, the development over time of poverty in Finland and Sweden are compared. In both countries, poverty decreased rapidly between the mid‐1960s and the mid‐1970s, after which changes have been less dramatic. During the first part of the 1980s poverty continued to decrease in Finland, but increased in Sweden. Comparisons for age‐groups showed large reductions in poverty rates among the aged in both countries. Poverty has shifted from the permanent old age poverty towards a more temporary poverty in young adulthood.International comparisons show that in the early 1980s both Finland and Sweden had poverty rates below the average of the affluent Western nations. Furthermore, these comparisons suggest that cross‐national variations in poverty rates are partly explained by the size of the welfare state. Also, time series analysis shows that income transfers have taken an increasing number of people out of poverty in both co

ISSN:0034-6586    

DOI:10.1111/j.1475-4991.1990.tb00303.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0034-6586    

DOI:10.1111/j.1475-4991.1990.tb00304.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Units which are actually used in legal‐administrative reality often are not directly suitable as statistical units. For the purposes of the statistical description of the economic processes a transformation is needed. In this paper I examine the consequences of a changing legal‐administrative reality to the definition of statistical units, particularly in the light of the SNA revision now under

ISSN:0034-6586    

DOI:10.1111/j.1475-4991.1990.tb00305.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Although industrial and commercial companies (ICCs) are primarily concerned with the production of goods and services which yield a trading profit there is evidence that they have become increasingly concerned with their portfolios of tangible and financial assets and liabilities. As relative prices, interest rates and exchange rates alter, there are implied changes to the realisable net worth of ICCs. That these changes can be substantial is particularly illustrated by reference to the U.K. experience between 1980 and 1982 and in 1985. However, conventional transactions based income measures are purposely not designed to capture these changes. Measuring income on a stock‐flow consistent basis provides a complementary view of the performance of ICCs which is intended to capture these portfolio effect

ISSN:0034-6586    

DOI:10.1111/j.1475-4991.1990.tb00306.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Not one of the many service definitions proposed by various authors and applied in practice enjoy general acceptance. Is it feasible to reach an international agreement on the definition of services? The answer is probably yes; however, is it worthwhile to spend considerable resources to reach such an agreement. Does an overall services aggregate indeed provide important analytical uses? Many doubts are expressed in this respect. Authors of recent international work on the statistics of services tend to accept a more flexible attitude: instead of having one single definition on services, several service concepts could be applied depending on feasibilities and other circumstances of the various statistics. However, all service definitions should be based on the International Standard Industrial Classification (ISIC) and on the Central Product Classification (CPC), recently approved by the Statistical Commission of the United Nations.

ISSN:0034-6586    

DOI:10.1111/j.1475-4991.1990.tb00307.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0034-6586    

DOI:10.1111/j.1475-4991.1990.tb00308.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY