摘要:

The main aim of this paper has been to summarize the impact of noncash income–health and health education benefits, and imputed rent‐on living standards, income distribution and poverty in seven nations at the beginning of the 1980s using the Luxembourg Income Study database. Our results do not give rise to a pattern of national differences in poverty rates or income inequality which are markedly different from that which emerges from previous LIS research based on cash income alone. While these results may be sensitive to the techniques used to measure and value noncash benefits in this paper, it appears that noncash income reinforces the redistributive impact or conventional (cash) tax‐transfer mechanisms rather than acting to offset them in any majo

ISSN:0034-6586    

DOI:10.1111/j.1475-4991.1993.tb00458.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The redistributive impact of the U.K. state pension scheme is examined. Benefit‐cost ratios are calculated using individual lifetime earnings profiles constructed for a cohort of men drawn from cross‐section data. The scheme is investigated at maturity and revenue neutrality is imposed in order to isolate the intra‐generationally redisiributive effects of the pension scheme.The results suggest that differences in returns to the pension scheme are driven by differential mortality, which outweigh the redistributive effect of the two‐tier benefit structure. Various reforms of the pension scheme are then simulated, and solved for revenue neutrality. The results suggest that a great deal of care is needed in formulating reforms if redistributive objectives are to be a

ISSN:0034-6586    

DOI:10.1111/j.1475-4991.1993.tb00459.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The work on the introduction of the elements of the SNA into the official statistical practice of the former U.S.S.R. began in 1988 when estimates of the GDP using conversion keys were prepared. In 1991 the decision was made to implement the entire SNA gradually on the basis of the international standards. The methodology of compilation of the main accounts was formulated by the Statistical Committcc of the C.I.S. with the assistance of the OECD. It originally drew on the ESA with introduction of elements of the revised SNA and adaption to specific economic processes in the country. It required solution of a number of conceptual and statistical problems referring to the treatment, allocation and valuation of selected activities. The estimates of the main accounts were made for the former U.S.S.R. by sectors and by industries for 1988–90. This project has provided the basis for further work on implementation of the SNA in C.I.S. countrie

ISSN:0034-6586    

DOI:10.1111/j.1475-4991.1993.tb00460.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

We use OECD data to examine inter‐industry wage differentials (relative wages among industries) for 14 OECD countries over the period 1970–85. We find, first, that the industrial wage structures have shown remarkable stability over time in terms of rank order for all the countries in the sample. Second, despite their rank order stability, wage structures show a tendency to expand or contract. While the U.S. has shown increasing industry wage dispersion between 1970 and 1985, the pattern is very mixed for other countries. Unionization is a significant factor in explaining cross‐country differences. Third, industry wage rankings show some evidence of becoming increasingly similar across nations over time, and this movement is associated with a convergence of per capita incomes. Fourth, industry wage differentials are positively related to an industry's productivity growth, output growth, capital intensity, and export orient

ISSN:0034-6586    

DOI:10.1111/j.1475-4991.1993.tb00461.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0034-6586    

DOI:10.1111/j.1475-4991.1993.tb00462.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

This paper describes the experiences of the Bureau of Economic Analysis (BEA) in the electronic dissemination of its statistical products. Section I describes the institutional setting. Section 11, the heart of the paper, is based on a review BEA recently undertook with a view to improving its procedures and policies for disseminating its information to the public. Section III draws conclusions from the review and raises some questions as a basis for comparisons among agencies.

ISSN:0034-6586    

DOI:10.1111/j.1475-4991.1993.tb00463.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0034-6586    

DOI:10.1111/j.1475-4991.1993.tb00464.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0034-6586    

DOI:10.1111/j.1475-4991.1993.tb00465.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY