摘要:

Intergenerational correlations between parental income and child earnings reflect the extent of intergenerational economic mobility and equality of opportunity. Previous estimates are about 0.2, but these estimates suffer from a number of problems, including the use of but one year of observations and of nonrandom samples. We present new estimates based on the Panel Study of Income Dynamics. These estimates suggest correlations over 0.5 with longer‐run income and earning measures, as well as some gender and race differences and some impact of liquidity constraints. They also suggest that the intergenerational elasticity is greater as parental income increases, the opposite of the Becker‐Tomes conject

ISSN:0034-6586    

DOI:10.1111/j.1475-4991.1990.tb00275.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Economists have traditionally measured household production (HP) by multiplying hours spent by a wage rate. This practice tends to misstate HP by ignoring the contribution of capital and entrepreneurship and by making questionable marginal productivity assumptions. Quantifying the HP and multiplying by the market value per unit avoids these problems and yields a value estimated by the same method as GNP. We measure HP by this direct method and find HP to be 44 percent more than that obtained by the traditional approach. We further make average productivity comparisons between firms and households for typical HP items.

ISSN:0034-6586    

DOI:10.1111/j.1475-4991.1990.tb00276.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Families below the poverty line are better off in terms of wealth than income. In 1962, the ratio of mean income between families below and above the poverty line is 0.19 and the ratio of mean wealth is 0.29. The corresponding ratios for 1983 are 0.16 and 0.19. On average, the elderly poor are better off in terms of wealth than the younger poor, particularly relative to their own income. However, the poor have become worse off in terms of wealth between 1962 and 1983, when their real income grew by 6 percent and their real wealth declined by 11 percent. The inclusion of pension and social security wealth in the household portfolio narrows the wealth gap between the poor and non‐poor, particularly for families under 65 years of age. Alternative poverty rates are also calculated based on the inclusion of annuity flows from wealth in household income. The reduction in the poverty rate between 1962 and 1983, from 21 to 15 percent on the basis of the official rate, is considerably lower with these alternative definition

ISSN:0034-6586    

DOI:10.1111/j.1475-4991.1990.tb00277.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

In this paper, some considerations are presented on possible concepts of satellite accounts. These accounts are special data systems on specific, socially important fields of study (e.g. environment, health, education) which could supplement the core system of national accounts and which are linked to the core by common classifications and transition tables for transactors and transactions. The special advantage of satellite systems are the possibilities of meeting new demands on data, of testing new concepts which are suitable for the described field and at the same time of leaving the extent and concepts of the core system unchanged.In the paper, the main emphasis is laid on the need to standardize the concepts of satellite accounts world‐wide. This is necessary not only for comparing the results of analyses for different subject fields on a national level, but also in order to enable international comparisons of the data to be made for one field of study. Furthermore, a more detailed description of the concepts for the production part of the satellite system is give

ISSN:0034-6586    

DOI:10.1111/j.1475-4991.1990.tb00278.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The contracting‐out problem in service sector analysis is defined and considered from the viewpoint of choice of statistical unit. It is shown that both the enterprise statistical unit and the establishment‐ based unit are unsatisfactory for economic analysis. This leads to the recommendation for an “intermediate” statistical unit, namely the “division.” The division, by construction and definition, is shown to have desirable properties for analysis of the contracting‐out problem (and own‐account problem) relating to services. Some empirical evidence with respect to the Canadian service sector economy supports the analysis and suggests a new interpretation of conventional service sector gr

ISSN:0034-6586    

DOI:10.1111/j.1475-4991.1990.tb00279.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

A set of revised macroeconomic time series for the Netherlands 1921–39 is presented. The series cover the “Consolidated Accounts for the Nation” of the SNA in current prices as well as the national product account and some additional series in prices for the previous year. The new interwar series differ considerably from the data that has been published before. They are also more comprehensive, more detailed, and conceptually consistent with the modern national acc

ISSN:0034-6586    

DOI:10.1111/j.1475-4991.1990.tb00280.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

In this paper we offer a definition of a country “debt crisis” based upon the amount of new borrowing relative to the cost of servicing past debt. Policy implications for both debtor countries and their creditors are examined. An empirical application is made to Latin American countries, 1978–82. The causes of the debt problems created during this period are investigated with respect to the extent they were the result of rising interest ratesvis à visincreased bor

ISSN:0034-6586    

DOI:10.1111/j.1475-4991.1990.tb00281.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Transfer programs, including public pension plans, do not generate wealth. In this paper methods of distributional analysis that lack budget constraints and are prone to illusions of wealth creation are criticized. A microsimulation analysis reported in “Homemaker Pension and Lifetime Redistribution” (Wolfson, 1988) is repeated using a conceptual framework that imposes a balance between the positive and negative impacts of transfer programs. This alternate analytical perspective reverses the distributional conclusions of the earlier study conducted using the same mo

ISSN:0034-6586    

DOI:10.1111/j.1475-4991.1990.tb00282.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0034-6586    

DOI:10.1111/j.1475-4991.1990.tb00283.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY