ISSN:0034-6586    

DOI:10.1111/j.1475-4991.1984.tb00481.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The estimation procedure for purchasing power parities is generally divided into two parts, one for calculating transitive PPP's within basic headings and a second beyond this most detailed level up to gross domestic product. This paper only concerns the first step. It provides a description of the work carried out by the European Communities in 1980 within the United Nations International Comparison Project (ICP) framework. The estimated PPI's for basic headings are put forward together with the procedures for product selection and specification, the classification used for these purposes and the impact on the estimation of transitive PPP's. Instead of the country‐product dummy (CPD) method used in the ICP, a revised Elteto‐Köves‐Szulc (EKS) procedure is proposed in which the estimation method and product selection constitute one integrated pro

ISSN:0034-6586    

DOI:10.1111/j.1475-4991.1984.tb00482.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

This article reviews the problems involved in updating the results of international comparisons, in terms of an analytic framework focusing upon the sources of differences between various forms of extrapolation and direct comparisons. The factors identified as important are conservation of prices of the base period and weight inconsistency. The reliability of updating is undoubtedly affected by the length of the period over which the data are extrapolated. A program of regular benchmark comparisons at approximately five‐year intervals with updating for the intervening years is attractive, since it permits checking by forward and backward interpolation. Where there are large deviations, however, averaging is not an acceptable solutio

ISSN:0034-6586    

DOI:10.1111/j.1475-4991.1984.tb00483.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

This paper discusses Austria's experiences in connection with the 1980 round of the UN International Comparison Project, in which comparisons were first made within regions and the regions then linked. Austria played a dual role, as (a) the linking country between Group I (the European Community) and Group II (selected middle and eastern European countries), and (b) the base country for Group II. The paper consists of two principal parts. The first part reports, at the 3‐digit commodity level, on the success achieved in finding comparable items, both within Group II and between Austria and Group I. The second part discusses a number of methodological problems that were encountered in carrying out the comparison. Chief among these was the treatment of social services that are marketed in some countries and provided free of charge or at nominal prices in others. Other questions touched upon include the treatment of output for own consumption, rents, drugs and medicines, and tourist expenditure

ISSN:0034-6586    

DOI:10.1111/j.1475-4991.1984.tb00484.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

This paper brings together discussions of Geary–Khamis indexes now available only in scattered sources, and considers their application to a range of uses. The first section traces the development of the method from its initial proposal by Geary in 1953, with the aid of a numerical example illustrating differences among various formulations. The second section considers the least squares properties of Geary‐Khamis indexes and some related variants. The final section considers adjustments to the method required for regionalization and spatio‐temporal bilateral and multilateral comparisons, as well as to take account of the nature of available

ISSN:0034-6586    

DOI:10.1111/j.1475-4991.1984.tb00485.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

A set of international comparisons is developed for 124 countries over the three post World War II decades, 1950‐80. A Data Table is presented which gives, for most countries and most years, real product estimates for three different national income concepts and for the major subaggregates consumption, investment, and government. Detailed comparative price level estimates are provided as wel

ISSN:0034-6586    

DOI:10.1111/j.1475-4991.1984.tb00486.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY