摘要:

The effect on skeletal muscle of acute viral and mycoplasma infections in thirteen men of ages ranging between 20–42 years has been studied. Comparisons are made with eight healthy men in the age group 22–29 years who were confined to bed for periods of time of lengths similar to the confinement to bed of the patients. Muscle samples were taken from the thigh. Glyceraldehyde‐3‐phosphate (triosephosphate) dehydrogenase (TPD), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), citrate synthetase (CS) and cytochrome oxidase (cytox) activities were measured and the ultrastructure of the muscle specimens was studied by electron microscopy. Immobilization of the healthy persons induced decreased activities of CS, but those of TPD, LDH and cytox remained unaffected. Return to normal life restored the CS activity. The activities of the four enzymes were lower in the patients than in the healthy subjects after immobilization. During normal life, the activities slowly rose to levels as those seen in the healthy subjects. In connection with the acute disease, focal ultrastructural changes within the muscle were found. The changes were similar to those reported to occur in other, more specific muscle d

ISSN:0365-4184    

DOI:10.1111/j.1699-0463.1976.tb00080.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1976

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

During the first 2 days post‐partum there is a rapid fall in the uterine renin content of the rabbit. A similar loss of renin can be reproducedin vitrowhen pregnant and post‐partum and to a lesser degree non‐pregnant uterine tissue slices are incubated at pH 7.4 at 37° C. When a secondary incubation of these previously incubated preparations is performed at pH 4.8 an activation of renin is seen. There was not an inverse correlation between the amounts of renin lost during the primary incubation at pH 7.4 and the amounts of renin activated during the secondary incubation at pH 4.8. In similarly incubated preparations of kidney cortex, where only a small per cent of the initial renin content is lost during the primary incubation at pH 7.4, no activatable renin i

ISSN:0365-4184    

DOI:10.1111/j.1699-0463.1976.tb00081.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1976

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The occurrence of carcinomain situwas examined in a consequtive series of cystectomy specimens from 43 patients. All patients were suffering from or had been suffering from primary bladder cancer. Carcinomain situwas defined as a definitive polymorphia of enlarged nuclei with abnormal chromatin structure in non‐tumour bearing areas. It was found in 26 bladders. By means of a systematic technique of cutting the specimens, the extent of the alterations was quantified, relating the number of blocks containing the alteration to the total number of blocks in which the changes possibly might be present. The extent of carcinomain situranged from 2 to 81 per cent with an average of 20 per cent. The distribution of the alterations was unpredictable, often strongly focal, most often in continuation of the tumour. In one specimen, the margins of resection were involved. The extent was largest in bladders with poorly differentiated tumours. A temporal relationship betweenin situcarcinoma and invasive carcinoma could not be shown, as regards tumour size and duration of clinical symptoms. The morphology of the changes is discussed seen in the light of variations in the normal epithelium lining the lower urinary tract. Minor degrees of atypia of the epithelium showed rather bad reproduction. The dominating occurrence of carcinomain situin bladders with poorly differentiated tumours may either be a manifestation of a biological difference between tumours of different grades of differentiation or that the morphological criteria used correspond to thein situtype of poorly differentiated tumour

ISSN:0365-4184    

DOI:10.1111/j.1699-0463.1976.tb00082.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1976

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

In a systematic study of bladders from consecutively cystectomized patients, 40 primary urinary bladder carcinomas were examined with regard to the type of differentiation. Metaplastic areas were found in 24 of the tumours. A positive reaction of keratin to Kreybergs stain was required for the definition squamous metaplasia. Squamous areas were found in 16 of the tumours. In 4 tumours there was, in addition to squamos metaplasia, glandular metaplasia which was defined as definite glandular tissue with dysplasia of the epithelium. In 4 tumours, glandular metaplasia was also present in addition to the urothelial carcinoma. In 18 cases, metaplastic changes were present in the luminal portion of the tumour from which the biopsy material and desqaminated material originated. The occurrence of metaplasia was related to the degree of differentiation of the urothelial part of the tumour. Metaplastic changes were most frequent in the poorly differentiated tumours. The biopsies obtained pre‐operatively permitted of the diagnosis metaplasia being made in 15 cases, while the cytological material suggested metaplastic changes in 4 cases only. The biological function of metaplasia is unknown. The possibility that these areas will react differently to radiation and chemotherapy is present and the frequency of such changes would suggest that their importance should be studied by their registration as mixed forms as stated by WH

ISSN:0365-4184    

DOI:10.1111/j.1699-0463.1976.tb00083.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1976

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Kurloff cells, characterized by a large inclusion body in ill‐defined lymphoreticular cells, were induced in male guinea pigs by oestrogen administration. The inclusion body material was characterized by way of light‐ and electron microscopy and histochemical staining reactions. Nucleo‐protein were not detected, but certain tests for amino acids were observed and, at the peripheral parts of the inclusion bodies, phospholipid tests were positive. However, forced proteolysis of lipid extractions failed to abolish the reactions for detection of carbohydrate‐rich compounds in the inclusion bodies thus confirming that their main characteristics were those of glycoproteins. Series of histochemical tests demonstrated the presence of periodate‐reactive 1,2‐glycol groups and sulphate radicals. Periodate‐reactive material and sulphomucins represented two separate substances, as demonstrated by extractions and combined staining tests. Some characteristics common with chondroitin sulphates were observed but, on the other hand, the observed differences suggested a different type of sulphation. The inclusion body failed to show any hydrolytic, dehydrogenase or oxidative enzyme activities, thus being metabolically inactive, although the cells showed certain enzyme activities in their cytoplasm and ce

ISSN:0365-4184    

DOI:10.1111/j.1699-0463.1976.tb00084.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1976

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Kurloff cells (KB cells) containing a glycoprotein inclusion body appear in female guinea pigs and can be induced in males by oestrogen administration. These cells are found in bone marrow, thymus, and in the red pulp of the spleen, but not in the lymph nodes. Gradually growing inclusion bodies were observed in a series of cells in these organs. Morphological and histochemical features suggested an active synthesis of the inclusion body material: cisternae of the endoplasmic reticulum fused with the membrane surrounding the inclusion body and by way of electron histochemical methods periodate reactive material was demonstrated in the endoplasmic reticulum, in the Golgi cisternae, and in the inclusion body. Enzymatic activities were not observed in the inclusion body, but otherwise the KB cells showed enzymatic activities of oxidative and glycolytic pathways. Marker enzymes for the granulocytes series, the plasma cells, the mast cells, and the monocyte‐reticulum cell group were negative in the KB cells and thus, classification of the KB cells into a particular cell type was not possible, although these cells obviously belong to the lymphoreticuar system. Phagocytosis was not observed, either. The possible role of the KB cells in the immune system are discusse

ISSN:0365-4184    

DOI:10.1111/j.1699-0463.1976.tb00085.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1976

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Nuclear size classes of the type originally described by Jacobj were studied in the follicular epithelium of biopsy smears from lymphoid thyroiditis. Thus, a great number of large nuclei in size classes distinct from the bulk of fairly identically sized nuclei could be clearly distinguished. By cytophotometric measurement of Feulgen‐DNA, these large nuclei were found to correspond closely to nuclei in separate DNA‐content‐classes and they were therefore called HDC‐nuclei (HighDNA‐quantityClass nuclei). Such nuclei proved to be more common in lymphoid thyroiditis than in normal thyroids and non‐toxic goitres without lymphoid thyroiditis. Among lymphoid goitres, the percentage of HDC‐nuclei was positively correlated with the age of the patients. In the present paper, the relationship between Askanazy cells and HDC‐nuclei is

ISSN:0365-4184    

DOI:10.1111/j.1699-0463.1976.tb00086.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1976

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

In the normal rat kidney enzyme histochemical activity was correlated with the structural segmentation of the convoluted part of the proximal tubule, as seen in freeze‐dried sections. Serial sections were employed for alternate morphological and enzyme histochemical studies. The tubules were investigated for activity of the following enzymes: 1) non‐specific acid phosphatases, 2) non‐specific alkaline phosphatases, 3) succinate dehydrogenase and 4) non‐specific esterases. Close to the urinary poleacid phosphataseactivity was slight in all instances, whilst in the first and second segment a gradual increase in tubular cells with heavy enzyme activity was seen. All tubular cells at the urinary pole showed heavyalkaline phosphataseactivity, but there was a gradual increase of cells showing slight enzyme activity in the first and second segments.Succinate dehydrogenaseactivity was constantly heavy at the urinary pole, and there was a gradual decrease in these cells with heavy enzyme activity along the course of the first and second segments. The pattern of tubular enzyme activity for these three enzymes was independent of the nephron level in the renal cortex. Thenon‐specific esteraseactivity was, in comparison, uniform throughout the length of the proximal tubule in nephrons from all levels of the renal cortex. This combined enzyme histochemical and morphological investigation demonstrates conclusively that there is a close correlation between structural segmentation and the pattern of enzyme activity of non‐specific acid and alkaline phosphatases and succinate dehydrogenase in the proximal convoluted tubule of normal

ISSN:0365-4184    

DOI:10.1111/j.1699-0463.1976.tb00087.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1976

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

A retrospective study of 57 patients with atypical fibroxanthoma of the skin is presented. The light microscopy is described and the differential diagnosis is discussed. Most of the atypical fibroxanthomas (32 out of 57 cases) were originally diagnosed as soft tissue sarcomas, e.g. fibrosarcoma, dermatofibrosarcoma, neurofibrosarcoma, myosarcoma and unspecified sarcoma. The tumour occurred chiefly in middle‐aged and elderly patients; three patients were 15 years old or younger. The median age was 73 years in patients in whom the tumour occurred in the head and neck, and 34 years in patients in whom the tumour developed on the extremities and trunk. The sex ratio (male to female) was almost equal. Follow‐up information about 43 patients was available. The follow‐up period ranged from 1 year to 25 years with a median of 9 years. Eight patients died from intercurrent disease; all the other 35 patients are alive and well. The clinical course was benign in all but one patient in whom a recurrence developed and metastases to the regional lymph nodes appeared 7 years after the initial excision. The tumour in this case did not differ histologically from the other atypical fibroxanthomas with respect to cellularity, cellular and nuclear atypia or mitotic activity. It is suggested that the recurrenceper semight be of prognostic impor

ISSN:0365-4184    

DOI:10.1111/j.1699-0463.1976.tb00088.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1976

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Since mammary tumours and sarcomas in the rat both have been shown to be sensitive to steroid hormonein vitro, a search for a non‐steroid sensitive rat tissue was made. Neonatal cerebellar medulloblasts in the rat did not respond to high concentrations of steroids if cultured as organ culture. The relevance of this finding to the specificity of steroid response assaysin vitrois discusse

ISSN:0365-4184    

DOI:10.1111/j.1699-0463.1976.tb00089.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1976

数据来源: WILEY