摘要:

The correlation between serum alpha‐foetoprotein (AFP) and the clinical pathological finding of 24 germ cell tumours arising from the testes (14 cases), the ovaries (3 cases), the mediastinum (3 cases), the retroperitoneal region (2 cases), and the sacrococcygeal region (2 cases) are presented. Irrespective of marked differences in age and sex of the patients, primary site of the tumours and clinical outcome, the 24 cases constituted a homogeneous group in fundamental histological patterns and in AFP synthesis. In all cases of endodermal sinus tumour or teratocarcinomas with a distinct vitelline component an increased serum AFP concentrations was found in the pre‐operative serum samples. AFP was also demonstrated in the tumour tissue by quantitative determination of AFP in tumour homogenate (5 cases) and, by immuno‐fluorescence technique, positive staining of the cells lining the endodermal sinuses and of the hyaline globules was found (3 cases). In 12 germ cell tumours without vitelline components in the tumour tissue sections, a normal AFP concentration below 20 μg/1 was found in preoperative serum s

ISSN:0365-4184    

DOI:10.1111/j.1699-0463.1975.tb01385.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1975

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

One‐year‐old selectively parathyroidectomized rats responded with a plasma calcium reduction to below 4.1 mEq./1 in 86 per cent at a normal and in 100 per cent at a low dietary calcium intake. Among the former, 17 per cent normalized their plasma calcium level within 8 weeks and another 40 per cent between the 8th and 27th week of observation. Among the latter, only 10 per cent showed a normalization and first after the long‐term period of observation. On the normal level of dietary calcium the parathyroidectomized animals with persistently reduced plasma calcium showed a significantly increased bone mass which was paradoxical in view of their inability of adaptation. On the low level of dietary calcium, a normal bone resorptive activity was maintained despite parathyroidectomy possibly through the action of increased levels of 1,25‐dihydroxycholecalciferol provoked by the profoundly reduced plasma calcium. This was, however, insufficient for adaptation and no osteoporosis developed. For the adaptation to a reduced calcium intake skeletal calcium reserves had to become mobilized through the action of the parathyroids with resulting osteoporosis. This was brought about by increased mobilization of skeletal calcium with resulting osteoporosis, a phenomenon which could be seen also among the parathyroidectomized animals on a low dietary calcium and with a normalized plasma calcium level. This osteoporosis was similar to that found in the calcium deficient intact animals. The described bone changes were progressing in character and there was no major influence by any eventual effect on bone growth. At histological and morphometric analyses of the adrenal cortex no apparent changes were found after parathyroi

ISSN:0365-4184    

DOI:10.1111/j.1699-0463.1975.tb01386.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1975

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

One‐year‐old selectively parathyroidectomized rats showed, on a normal dietary intake of calcium, phosphorus and vitamin D, a reduction in plasma calcium to below 4.1 mEq./I in 86 per cent and on restricted calcium intake in 100 per cent. On the normal level of dietary calcium, normalization of plasma calcium occurred in 17 per cent within 8 weeks and in another 40 per cent between the 8th and 27th week of observation while on the low level only 10 per cent of the animals normalized their plasma calcium and first after the long‐term period of observation. This was most probably accomplished by successively restored parathyroid activity from aberrant parathyroid tissue as deducted from data regarding the metabolism of calcium, magnesium and inorganic phosphate. Adaptation,viz.normalization of plasma calcium, was brought about by mobilization of skeletal calcium with resulting osteoporosis, as reported in our previous study on the same animals. Intestinal net absorption of calcium showed no significant difference between normocalcemic normophosphatemic intact and hypocalcemic hyperphosphatemic parathyroidectomized animals at the respective level of dietary calcium. Thus, parathyroidectomized animals with persistently reduced plasma calcium showed a normal adaptory increase in intestinal calcium absorption upon chronically restricted calcium intake. In the discussion of the regulation of this adaptory system the possible effects of the plasma concentrations of both calcium and inorganic phosphate upon the intracellular Ca2+ concentration in the kidney tubules must be considered. Plasma magnesium did not appear to have a primary influence. Intestinal absorption of inorganic phosphate was not dependent upon the presence of the parathyroids but followed that of calcium suggesting a regulation by the action of 1,25‐dihydroxycholecal

ISSN:0365-4184    

DOI:10.1111/j.1699-0463.1975.tb01387.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1975

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Due to the claim of an association between focal nodular hyperplasia of the liver, benign hepatomas and oral contraceptives, the files in the departments of pathology at the university hospitals in Lund and Malmö were examined for these two diagnoses made since 1945 and 1957, respectively. 26 cases of focal nodular hyperplasia of the liver and 7 benign hepatomas were found, 18 and 2, respectively, in women. Since 1963, the year before oral contraceptives were introduced in Sweden, focal nodular hyperplasia has been diagnosed in 8 women in the reproductive period of life; 4 of these had taken oral contraceptives. The 4 diagnoses were established in 1972–1974. At most, 25 per cent of Swedish females between the ages of 15 and 44 years have been on oral contraceptives. The Swedish series of 28 patients with focal nodular hyperplasia comprised 3 epileptics and 3 diabetics. At least two of the epileptics had been treated with barbiturates and/or hydantoins. The prevalence of drug‐treated epilepsy in Sweden is 0.4–0.5 per cent, and of diabetes about 2 per cent. The possible aetiological role of drugs provoking an increase of the smooth‐surfaced endoplasmic reticulum of the liver and proliferation of vascular fibrous tissue in a part of the liver which previously may have been damaged by vascular disturbances or trauma, is considered. No relationship between benign hepatomas and drugs was found. The observations support the notion that oral contraceptives may be of aetiological importance in the development of focal nodular hyperplasia of the liver, although the material is too small for epidemiological and statistical

ISSN:0365-4184    

DOI:10.1111/j.1699-0463.1975.tb01388.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1975

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

A case of neurofibromatosis of the appendix in a patient with von Recklinghausen's disease complicated by acute appendicitis is described. The possible pathogenetic relationship between neurofibromatosis and the leiomyomatous hyperplasia found in this case is discussed.

ISSN:0365-4184    

DOI:10.1111/j.1699-0463.1975.tb01389.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1975

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Growing rabbits were given 200 ppm of fluoride in the drinking water during 14 weeks. During this period excessive fluorotic changes developed in the diaphyses of the femur and tibia. The alkaline phosphatase and pyrophosphatase activities increased simultaneously in the fluorotic bone whereas the ratio between the activities remained constant. Acid phosphatase activity also increased. The increase in enzyme activities was regarded as due to the increased bone turnover and not as a primary consequence of fluoride ingestion.

ISSN:0365-4184    

DOI:10.1111/j.1699-0463.1975.tb01390.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1975

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The incidence of chronic rheumatic valvular heart disease in Iceland was investigated via autopsies performed from November 1965 through December 1974. During this period, approximately 12.400 Icelanders died at the age of 16 years and older and 28.8 per cent of these are included in the study. At autopsy, males were found to outnumber females by 2:1. Rheumatic valvular heart disease was found in 38 subjects, i.e. in 1.08 per cent of the cases, the sex distribution being 0.67 per cent males and 1.83 per cent females. As regards the hearts with chronically deformed valves, the deformity was of rheumatic origin only in 20 per cent of the cases; the majority, or 69 per cent, presented calcified aortic stenosis. Hospital records applying to most of the subjects were available and according to these, only 18 per cent disclosed a history of rheumatic fever. The diagnosis of rheumatic valvular disease was first established at autopsy in 71 per cent of the cases. An evaluation of the functional derangements of the diseased valves was not attempted, but there is reason to believe that many of the lesions were too mild to provoke significant symptoms and signs. Previous doubts about the existence of rheumatic heart disease in Iceland have been settled in this study.

ISSN:0365-4184    

DOI:10.1111/j.1699-0463.1975.tb01391.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1975

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Since human mammary cancers have a preference for certain regions of the breast, registration of the topography of DMBA‐induced mammary tumours in rats was performed. This revealed that most of the tumours occurred in the upper, or thoracic, mammary glands. While the number of tumours in the two abdominal mammary regions was found to be rather constant, the incidence in the two thoracic regions had a tendency to mutual variations. A regional registration should be made in all experiments dealing with induced mammary tumour

ISSN:0365-4184    

DOI:10.1111/j.1699-0463.1975.tb01392.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1975

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

12 healthy persons—close relatives to two children who died of malignant hyperthermia—volunteered for biopsies of striated muscle and skin, electromyography and electroencephalography. The investigations of muscle biopsies comprised material for enzyme histochemistry and ordinary light microscopy including visualization of the intramuscular nerves. Out of 12 clinically healthy persons 9 revealed abnormalities of the muscle fibres, 11 showed degenerative and regenerative alterations in the intramuscular nerves, in EMG 7 turned out to produce slight neuropathy, and 7 displayed abnormal EEG tracings. These findings support the idea that the etiological key (or keys) in the peculiar pathophysiological entity of malignant hyperthermia may even be found outside the striated muscle c

ISSN:0365-4184    

DOI:10.1111/j.1699-0463.1975.tb01393.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1975

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Twelve healthy relatives of two children who died of malignant hyperthermia—volunteered to give biopsies of striated muscle. Electron microscopy of their muscles revealed nonspecific myofibrillary degeneration and profound alterations of parts of muscle fibres. Furthermore, constructional faults were found in the architecture of the muscle. Previous investigations correlated with these abnormalities support the assumption, that inborn errors of metabolism may involve membranes of other tissues as well as striated muscl

ISSN:0365-4184    

DOI:10.1111/j.1699-0463.1975.tb01394.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1975

数据来源: WILEY