摘要:

This paper considers the extent to which awareness of the growing number of older people with intellectual disability in the UK has translated into action. It does so by looking at current policy, training and services for older people with intellectual disability. Information was collected from two sources: an analysis of the 1993/1994 Community Care Plans and a national survey on policy, training and services for older people with intellectual disability. The analysis of Community Care Plans revealed that 67% made no reference to older people with intellectual disability. The remaining 33% mentioned such people mainly in the context of the need for service development. 82% of the 236 replies to the national survey indicated that there was no policy in relation to older people with intellectual disability and 74% indicated an absence of specific staff training. 53% of respondents were aware of services in their area specifically for older people with intellectual disability and 76% were aware of generic services for the elderly in their area that were used by older people with intellectual disability. Finally, the results of a consultation exercise regarding the development of a training pack in ageing and intellectual disability are presented. The results highlight a lack of consensus about how services should be provided and, in many cases, a lack of provision.

ISSN:1360-2322    

DOI:10.1111/j.1468-3148.1996.tb00100.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Fifty‐one residents of 14 staffed houses for people with intellectual disabilities were assessed using the Adaptive Behavior Scale (ABS) at the beginning, middle and end of a two year period. Changes in ABS score were calculated to ascertain whether residents experienced continued development once the immediate period following resettlement from institutional services was past. Although some individuals changed little and some lost skills, ABS scores were found to increase significantly over time, particularly among the least able residents. This latter finding prompted further investigations. Conversion to percentile ranks was undertaken to provide a better basis for comparison between individuals as the raw scores cannot be interpreted as an equal interval scale. Unreliability of measurement provided a further reason for caution. Changes in percentile rank scores were relatively modest when compared to the level of unreliability. Moreover, the consistency of change found for individuals across both years of the study period was unconvincing, with the number of times change was in the same direction being only similar to that which would be predicted by chance. Overall, the study demonstrates the difficulties encountered in trying to establish whether improvements in personal competence are ongoing in community residential services for people with intellectual disabilitie

ISSN:1360-2322    

DOI:10.1111/j.1468-3148.1996.tb00101.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The present study investigated the relationships between personality traits, awareness of disability, individual resources, personal values, living conditions and quality of life, in 619 persons with intellectual disabilities. Happiness, a positive view of life and stress were used as quality‐of‐life criterion variables. The results showed that happiness and a positive view of life were associated with a positive self‐image and others' view of self, with self‐esteem, and with a sense of autonomy. Feelings of stress were associated with a lack of self‐esteem, desire for autonomy, female gender, and awareness of d

ISSN:1360-2322    

DOI:10.1111/j.1468-3148.1996.tb00102.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Changes over time in the pattern of behaviour problems shown by 91 children with Down's syndrome, together with maternal appraisal of the seriousness of reported problems, were investigated through questionnaires completed by mothers. Fifty‐four individual behaviours were studied at mean ages 9 years 2 months and 13 years 9 months. There was a significant decline in the overall frequency of behaviour problems and in some disturbed behaviours, sleeping and toileting problems, and over‐activity. Only one problem‐lying‐became more common. However, many problems were found to be persistent among the same children.While mothers viewed relatively few behaviours as definite problems, a minority faced a multiplicity of perceived problems at both points in time. Running away was a common problem which particularly concerned mothers. Sleeping problems were generally seen as less problematic by Time 2, while stealing had become more so. Some individual problems were associated with the gender, age and developmental level of the children. Results suggest that behaviour problems may become set relatively early in life, and that families may benefit from help in preventing and dealing with problems well before the teenag

ISSN:1360-2322    

DOI:10.1111/j.1468-3148.1996.tb00103.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

This study investigates the occurrence and nature of sleep problems and behaviours in a group of children with Down's syndrome (n= 91) compared with their siblings (n= 54), children from the general population (n= 78) and children with an intellectual disability other than Down's syndrome (n= 71). A comprehensive questionnaire was sent to parents asking about the general sleeping habits and arrangements of the child and the frequency of occurrence of a range of sleep disorders and behaviours falling under the general headings of: disorders of initiating and maintaining sleep, features associated with obstructive sleep apnoea, other sleep disorders and behaviours occurring during sleep, and sleep related disorders and behaviours occurring during the day. Overall, children with Down's syndrome and children with other forms of intellectual disability showed a greater number of sleep problems than the siblings and children from the general population. However, whereas the sleep problems of the children with other intellectual disabilities, the siblings and children from the general population principally took the form of disorders of initiating and maintaining sleep, the children with Down's syndrome were characterised by features suggesting sleep related breathing problems, i.e. restlessness, snoring, sleeping with neck extended, apnoeic episodes, gagging or choking, and mouth breathing. A number of significant age differences were found in the occurrence of some sleep problems and behaviours. These were mainly in the group with Down's syndrome. The implications of the findings are discussed with reference to effective treatments and also the beneficial effects these might have on cognitive and behavioural problems in these children.

ISSN:1360-2322    

DOI:10.1111/j.1468-3148.1996.tb00104.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Sleep problems are common and persistent in children with severe intellectual disabilities. Research conducted mainly in the 1980s suggested that the most widely used form of intervention was pharmacological although studies have demonstrated that behavioural management may be more appropriate. This study aimed to investigate whether the practical implications of such research had been acted upon by describing parents' experiences of interventions they had been offered and also their usefulness. Questionnaires were distributed via schools to parents of children with severe intellectual disabilities in Oxfordshire and Berkshire. Results are based on 209 replies (43% response rate). Only 47% of parents of children with sleep problems (n= 124) had received any form of treatment. Where treatment had been received, medication was still the most widely used form although parents considered behavioural interventions to be more helpful in reducing difficulties. 55% of parents of children with current sleep problems wanted to receive treatment, suggesting a gap in service provision. Possible reasons why 45% did not want to receive treatment are considered.

ISSN:1360-2322    

DOI:10.1111/j.1468-3148.1996.tb00105.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Book reviewed in this article:Disability is Not Measles. New Research Paradigms in Disability: Marcia H. Rioux and Michael Bach (eds).Enabling and Empowering Families: Principles and Guidelines for Practice: Carl Dunst, Carol Trivette and Angela Deal.Supporting and Strengthening Families. Volume 1: Methods, Strategies and Practices: Carl J. Dunst, Carol M. Trivette and Angela G. Deal (eds).Making Difficulties: Research and the Construction of SEN: Peter Clough and Len Barton (eds).Older Adults with Developmental Disabilities: Optimizing Choice and Change: Evelyn Sutton, Alan R. Factor, Barbara A. Hawkins, Tamar Heller and Gary B. Seltzer (eds).I've Seen It All: Lives of Older Persons with Mental Retardation in the Community: Robert B. Edgerton and Marcia A. Gaston (eds).Multicultural Issues in the Education of Students with Behavioral Disorders: Reece L. Peterson and Sharon Ishii‐Jordan (eds).Shared Territory: Assessing the Social Support Needs of Visually Impaired People: Robin Lovelock, Jackie Powell and Sarah Craggs.Power and Partnership in Education: Derrick Armstron

ISSN:1360-2322    

DOI:10.1111/j.1468-3148.1996.tb00106.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY