摘要:

SummaryThe clash between rationalism and humanism presupposes a radical and optimistic view of reason, with science taken as the archetype. Popper's theory of reason ascritical of traditionseems to offer a new direction. But Kuhn's discovery that scientists normally are uncritical of some basic ideas makes it vacuous. An improvement upon Duhem's analysis of tests gives us a new epistemology, however where viable alternative views which are not believed nevertheless influence the organization of research. The tacit debate can be regarded as an organized escape rather than as progress towards the Truth.We can thus admit tradition in science, and maintain that it is rational, even if scientists might be agreed on some basic issues during some periods.

ISSN:0012-2017    

DOI:10.1111/j.1746-8361.1978.tb01299.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1978

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryOn purely logical grounds, if hypothesis H can be eliminated, then so too must its logical complement, H', be confirmed. The Asymmetry Theory, if true, must therefore be not formal but substantial. (1) This cannot be established by the “two‐tier” view which requires symmetrical generalisation of theory terms and observation data. (2) Even singular observations before being usable require (a) a theory of accidents, (b) a theory of errors, already built in to them before they can falsify hypotheses. This explains the inconsistency of Popper's Simplicity criterion and his notion ofa prioriprobability. Conclusion: Falsificationists cannot condemn verifiability without condemning themselves at the same

ISSN:0012-2017    

DOI:10.1111/j.1746-8361.1978.tb01300.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1978

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryThis paper is divided into two parts. The first sketches an interpretation of the thing in itself, the noumenon and the transcendental object which clarifies the connection between these conceptions and shows that each has a “critical” function. This is accomplished by linking them with transcendental reflection. It is shown that such reflection requires the distinction between two ways of considering an object (as it appears and as it is in itself) and that “noumenon” and “transcendental object” characterize alternative descriptions of an object considered as it is in itself. The second part deals with the problem of affection. Although the theory of “transcendental” or “double affection” is rejected, it is argued that affection, like objects, can be considered from two points of view (depending on whether one is offering an empirical or a transcendental account). Thus, while there is no distinct event entitled “transcendental affection”, there is a transcendental consideration of affection. Moreover since such a consideration involves analytic judgments about how the affecting object must be thought, the appeal to categories such as causality does not violat

ISSN:0012-2017    

DOI:10.1111/j.1746-8361.1978.tb01301.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1978

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Professor Jaakko Hintikka (4) contends that sentences of the form (C) Any x which is an F is a Gpose a serious problem to the viability of applying Tarski's Convention T (5:187‐8) to natural languages; quite a blow to a series of very promising projects initiated by Donald Davidson.1.The object of this note is to meet the challenge posed by (C)‐like sentences to Conventio

ISSN:0012-2017    

DOI:10.1111/j.1746-8361.1978.tb01302.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1978

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0012-2017    

DOI:10.1111/j.1746-8361.1978.tb01303.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1978

数据来源: WILEY