摘要:

AbstractA semantical and methodological analysis of physical theories is performed in order to find out their relation to reality and to human experience. It is shown that every physical theory refers immediately to an idealized model of waht is supposed to be a piece of reality‐the mediate referent of the theory. Two kinds of physical interpretation of physical symbols are distinguished : objective and operational, and the difference between reference and evidence is stressed. It is claimed that for a theory to be physically meaningful it is necessary that it includes rules of objective reference. In some cases a theory contains, in addition, evidential reference rules, i.e. correspondences between some of its concepts and empirical items. But the test. of any theory requires, rather than operational rules, further theories that can bridge the gap between what the theory refers to (e.g., the passage of a cosmic ray) and its remote symptom (e.g., the click of a counter). The conditions for the semantical consistency are sketched and it is argued that there does not exist a semantically consistency inter‐pretation of any of the formalisms of quantum theory. From this analysis arguments in favor of critical realism are dr

ISSN:0012-2017    

DOI:10.1111/j.1746-8361.1965.tb00470.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1965

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0012-2017    

DOI:10.1111/j.1746-8361.1965.tb00471.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1965

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe development of modern quantum theory has superseded the classical theory of particles. Nevertheless, the imagery and terminology of the classical theory still surivive, both in intuitive understanding and mathematical formulation. This paper shows that although the classical concept of a particle may be useful for some purposes of intuition, it is useless for others, and it is never necessary. In microphysics, particles are usually; assigned a chergeeand a massm. we discuss the meaning of these quantities in terms of laboratory; experience.

ISSN:0012-2017    

DOI:10.1111/j.1746-8361.1965.tb00472.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1965

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0012-2017    

DOI:10.1111/j.1746-8361.1965.tb00473.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1965

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractIt is argued that the so‐called correlation paradoxes of Einstein‐Podolsky‐Rosen1and of Schrödinger2imply that individual quantum processes are connected in time in a way that is symmetricwithretarded and advanced actions; a · fatalistic · character of the course of events is thus advocated, similar to the one occuring in the so‐called · Heisenberg picture · in hyperquanitized

ISSN:0012-2017    

DOI:10.1111/j.1746-8361.1965.tb00474.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1965

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0012-2017    

DOI:10.1111/j.1746-8361.1965.tb00475.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1965

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0012-2017    

DOI:10.1111/j.1746-8361.1965.tb00476.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1965

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0012-2017    

DOI:10.1111/j.1746-8361.1965.tb00477.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1965

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0012-2017    

DOI:10.1111/j.1746-8361.1965.tb00478.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1965

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0012-2017    

DOI:10.1111/j.1746-8361.1965.tb00479.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1965

数据来源: WILEY