摘要:

Spores ofBotrytis cinereaand kiwifruit (Actinidia deliciosa) inoculated withB. cinereaspores were exposed to sulphur dioxide (SO2) gas ranging from 200 to 3200 ppm for 10, 20, and 30 min at 17°C. Germination of spores was completely inhibited at concentrations of 400–3200 ppm but some germination occurred at 200 ppm. The level of control of botrytis storage rot on fruit increased with increasing SO2concentration. Botrytis rot was almost completely controlled in fruit treated with 1600–3200 ppm. Fumigation at 200–400 ppm was ineffective. Most of the SOO2absotption by kiwifruit occurred within the first 2 min of fumigation. AbSOtption was greater at 3200 ppm than 400–1600 ppm SO2. No SO2injury was detected on fruit at any concentration tested. Fruit firmness was not affected by the treatments.

ISSN:0114-0671    

DOI:10.1080/01140671.1992.10421912

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1992

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

‘Galia’ melons (Cucumis melocv. Reticulatus) exported from Israel to Europe, are treated with 2000 ppm imazalil. The fungicide is incorporated in the wax used to coat the melon. This treatment protects the fruit against decay caused byAlternaria alternataandFusariumspp., and leaves a residue of 4–5 ppm imazalil in the fruit. This amount exceeds the tolarance of some European countries who allow a residue below 0.5 ppm. To overcome this problem, other application methods were tested. Dipping or spraying the melons with 250 ppm imazalil in water followed by waxing, was as effective as the standard treatment while leaving a residue of 0.5 ppm. Testing other fungicides such as prochloraz and orthophenylphenol (OPP) confirmed that much smaller amounts are needed for decay control when applied in water.

ISSN:0114-0671    

DOI:10.1080/01140671.1992.10421913

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1992

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

This paper reviews the available quarantine treatment technologies and current quarantine practices, such as fumigation, heat or refrigeration treatments, and non-host shipping protocols, that are used to prevent the spread of tephritid fruit flies. Areas where basic research is needed to develop alternative quarantine treatments are identified and discussed.

ISSN:0114-0671    

DOI:10.1080/01140671.1992.10421914

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1992

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Non-chemical disinfestation procedures are urgently required for those horticultural exports currently fumigated in New Zealand and overseas with methyl bromide, and for South Pacific imports fumigated with ethylene dibromide (EDB). Restrictions on the use of EDB are imminent. Disinfestation research in New Zealand seeks to develop non-chemical procedures as substitutes for these chemical fumigants. Chemical postharvest disinfestation procedures were largely developed empirically by entomologists and plant physiologists, varying the parameters of fumigant dose, fumigation temperature, and treatment duration. In contrast, non-chemical procedures require a less empirical and more multi-disciplinary approach. This is discussed with reference to pre-shipment clearance and pest reclassification procedures, and non-chemical treatments induding high temperature, controlled atmospheres, and modified atmosphere packaging. A recent revision of the New Zealand quarantine regulations for imports results in rejection or further treatment of consignments imported after a disinfestation procedure if the levels of contamination by live or dead critical quarantine pests exceed those permissible. Postharvest disinfestation procedures on commodities imported into New Zealand will also need to consider preharvest factors such as the maturity of the commodity, and the levels of insect infestation before harvest.

ISSN:0114-0671    

DOI:10.1080/01140671.1992.10421915

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1992

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

The responses of lightbrown apple moth (LBAM—Epiphyas postvittanaWalker) and long tailed mealy bug (Pseudococcus longispinusTargioni-Tozetti) on persimmons to controlled (CA) and modified atmosphere (MA) postharvest disinfestation treatments were determined. Atmospheres were generated using fruit (1) exposed to a continuous gas-flow apparatus (CA); (2) contained in a polymeric film bag with an oxygen scrubber (MA + scrubber); and (3) in a polymeric film bag under vacuum (MA + vac). LBAM larvae on fruit under CA were all killed after 4–7 days exposure to 0.5% O2, 5.3% CO2but 0.2% of the mealy bug larvae and adults survived. LBAM and mealy bugs were not killed after 7 days at 20°C under MA + scrubber conditions, but were killed after 28 days at 0°C. Only LBAM were killed under MA + vac. The time needed for complete kill of LBAM and mealy bugs under MA conditions was reduced to 14 days at 0°C when fruit were held for 4 days at 20°C before coolstorage at 0°C. The MA treatment shows commercial potential.

ISSN:0114-0671    

DOI:10.1080/01140671.1992.10421916

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1992

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Dry heat is proposed as a non-chemical postharvest disinfestation treatment for export persimmons (Diospyros kakiL.). A fruit surface temperature of 47°C at 55–60% RH for 15 min is recommended to effect 100% mortality of thrips, mealybugs, and leafrollers. On persimmon fruit these are all surface dwelling pests. Fruit tolerance trials showed that this fruit surface temperature/time exposure was not detrimental to persimmon fruit firmness, soluble solids concentration, and appearance; and did not reduce shelf life. A commercial scale confirmatory trial is planned.

ISSN:0114-0671    

DOI:10.1080/01140671.1992.10421917

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1992

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Work on the mortality responses of four lepidopteran pests of apples in New Zealand—Epiphyas postvittana(Walker),Cydia pomonella(L.),Planotortrix octoDugdale, andCtenopseustis obliquana(Walker)—to low O2/moderate CO2atmospheres is reviewed and additional data are presented. For bothE. postvittanaandC. pomonella, reducing the O2concentration and elevating the treatment temperature enhanced controlled atmosphere (CA) efficacy more than did increasing the CO2concentration. Thus at 20°C, a 0.4% O2/5.0% CO2CA gave the most rapid kill of the mixtures tested. The order of lifestage tolerance to this CA was similar forE. postvittana, C. pamonella, P. octo, andC. obliquanai.e., fifth instar > third instar > 3-day eggs > first instar. The four species exhibited a trend of tolerance ofC. pomonella>E. postvittana=P.octo=C. obliquana. An increase in the temperature to 30°C decreased the time for high mortality for all four species. However, this decrease was much greater forP. octoandC. obliquanathan forC. pomonellaandE. postvittana. The potential of these CA treatments for disinfestation of New Zealand apples for the Japanese and United States markets is discussed.

ISSN:0114-0671    

DOI:10.1080/01140671.1992.10421918

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1992

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Kiwifruit (Actinidia deliciosa) hold their quality extremely well in cold storage which makes cold treatments to achieve quarantine levels of disinfestation a viable alternative to current methyl bromide fumigation for export purposes. A series of trials, first using standard bioassay procedures and subsequently large-scale export simulations, were conducted at 0 and 1°C against the Mediterranean fruit fly. The results demonstrated that the exposure periods required to achieve 99.9968% (probit 9) mortality were obtained in 12 days at 0°C and in 14 days at 1°C.

ISSN:0114-0671    

DOI:10.1080/01140671.1992.10421919

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1992

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

High temperature disinfestation was investigated as an alternative, non-chemical treatment for the postharvest quarantine control of two-spotted mites (TSM,Tetranychus urticaeKoch) on nectarines. Diapausing TSM pre-conditioned for 28–30 days at 15°C, were killed by exposure to wann air at 46.7°C for 15.5 h, or 43.9°C for 34 h. When pre-conditioned at 4.0°C for 5–15 days complete mortality was observed after 28 h wann air at 48.2°C. These times and conditions were longer than those predicted to kill non-diapausing TSM when 100% mortality was observed at 24 h at air temperatures between 43.2 and 46.0°C.

ISSN:0114-0671    

DOI:10.1080/01140671.1992.10421920

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1992

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

‘Thompson's Seedless’ (‘Sultana’), ‘Ruby Seedless’, and ‘Flame Seedless’ table grapes were artificially infested with immature lifestages ofBactrocera tryoniFroggatt, Queensland fruit fly (Tephritidae), and stored at 1°C. Dose-mortality data for eggs and first, second, and third instars were compared following cold storage of infested fruit for up to 10 days. First instar larvae were the most cold-tolerant lifestage in each of the three grape cultivars. When more than 30 000B. tryonifrrst instar larvae were treated in each of the three grape cultivars, none survived to pupation following storage at 1°C for 12 days. These data have been collected in accordance with the Japanese experimental protocol required when applications are made for importation of foreign produce into Japan. The results will support an approach to the Japanese Government to lift quarantine bans imposed because of possible infestation by Queensland fruit fly in Australian ‘Thompson Seedless’ (‘Sultana’), ‘Ruby Seedless’, and ‘Flame Seedless’ grapes.

ISSN:0114-0671    

DOI:10.1080/01140671.1992.10421921

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1992

数据来源: Taylor