摘要:

The individual sugars and anthocyanidins in processing‐grade ‘Dawson’ and ‘Bing’ cherries and cherry products were investigated in order to assess the quality of the processed fruit. Glucose, fructose, and relatively high levels of sorbitol were found in fresh and frozen cherries of both cultivars. During glaceing, sucrose was predictably absorbed by the fruit but glucose was preferentially leached into the glaceing syrups. In contrast, sorbitol is preferentially lost during the manufacture of cherry leathers. Cyanidin was the only anthocyanidin detected in both cherry cultivars. ‘Dawson’ and ‘Bing’ frozen cherries contained cyanidin levels of 76 mg/100 g and 74 mg/100 g wet weight of fruit flesh respectively. Processing the cherries to give glace cherries and cherry leathers reduced the cyanidin contents by 9 to 30%. The reduction in cyanidin due to processing was organoleptically acceptable.

ISSN:0114-0671    

DOI:10.1080/01140671.1993.9513771

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1993

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

The distribution of the potato cyst nematodeGlobodera rostochiensis(Woll.) pathotype Rol and G.pallida(Stone) pathotype Pa2/3 in New Zealand was determined using dot‐blot hybridisation with species‐specific DNA probes. Both species of nematode were present in New Zealand, with the main foci in intensive cropping areas (market gardens) around the urban centres of Auckland, Christchurch, and Dunedin. A number of domestic gardens were also infested. Of the 64 populations tested, 24% were pure Ro 1, 20% were predominantly Ro 1 with a low frequency or trace of Pa2/3, 33% were pure Pa2/3, and 6% were Pa2/3 with a trace of Ro 1. The remaining 17% contained an equal proportion of both species. The presence of trace Pa2/3 and the impact of mixed species populations on the long‐term success of nematode‐resistant potato cultivars is discussed.

ISSN:0114-0671    

DOI:10.1080/01140671.1993.9513772

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1993

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

A bacterium, isolated from infected bulbs of onion(Allium cepaL.) in store, was identified asPseudomonas gladioli pv. alliicola(Burkholder 1942) Young et al. 1978, and was confirmed as a soft rot pathogen of onion by completion of Koch's postulates.P. gladiolipv.alliicolawas first reported as an onion pathogen in New Zealand by Hale in Pennycook (1989). This paper documents the evidence for that record.

ISSN:0114-0671    

DOI:10.1080/01140671.1993.9513773

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1993

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Commercial asparagus production occurs over an extended period in spring from carbohydrate reserves built up during the previous summer and stored in the roots. The effect of harvest duration on spear yield and quality, and on the depletion of storage root carbohydrates has been widely studied. However, little work has been reported on the effect of harvest period on the storage life and biochemistry of asparagus spears. Therefore, asparagus spears(Asparagus officinalisL. cv. Limbras 10) were harvested over the commercial harvesting season in 2 years and held at 20°C to assess shelf life and to monitor postharvest biochemistry. Shelf life declined almost linearly in both years from c. 6 days for early‐season spears to c. 3 days for late‐season spears. On the evidence of rates of protein and carbohydrate loss, and ammonia accumulation in the spear tips, the decline in shelf life was not associated with accelerated biochemical changes. Spear fresh weight at harvest (and therefore spear thickness) was strongly associated with shelf life. The shelf life of spears can be predicted from their harvest date.

ISSN:0114-0671    

DOI:10.1080/01140671.1993.9513774

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1993

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

A coherent set of field survey data of vine and fruit development events at research orchards and other sites in New Zealand were analysed with climate data to investigate the influence of climatic factors in kiwifruit(Actinidia deliciosa)development. The timing of the end of dormancy was determined by the amount of winter chilling. When sufficient chilling occurred the time from dormancy end to budburst was positively related to temperature over this period. When insufficient chilling occurred budburst dates were determined by the amount of exposure to low temperature. The duration from budburst to flowering required 415°C days above abase temperature of 7°C to be completed. The climatic requirements for early fruit development are yet to be established. However, high rainfall after January delayed the attainment of 5.0% soluble solids (SS). From 5.0% SS onwards the rate of maturation increased as mean temperatures decreased. The relationships derived can be used to estimate the dates of development events.

ISSN:0114-0671    

DOI:10.1080/01140671.1993.9513775

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1993

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

In a 3‐year field trial, kiwifruit(Actinidia deliciosa)vines received 40% of their nutrient requirements by fertigation and the rest as solid fertiliser. All plots received 158 kg/ha nitrogen (N) and 294 kg/ha potassium (K). After 3 years the vines receiving fertigation showed no advantage over those receiving a conventional solid fertiliser programme in yield, or leaf nutrient levels for kiwifruit. The quality of fruit from vines supplied with or without fertigation was assessed at harvest, and at several times during 22‐week storage trials. Fruit appeared relatively unaffected by fertigation, and no difference in storage behaviour of the fruit was recorded. The interaction between fertiliser response and crop load was investigated by applying hydrogen cyanamide to create two crop loads. Hydrogen cyanamide increased fruit numbers by c. 30% in 2 out of 3 years, but had little effect on the response to fertigation.

ISSN:0114-0671    

DOI:10.1080/01140671.1993.9513776

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1993

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Effects of the synthetic cytokinin CPPU (N‐(2‐chloro‐4‐pyridyl)‐N'‐phenylurea; common name forchlorfenuron) on kiwifruit(Actinidia deliciosa)cv. Hayward fruit growth, maturity, and storage quality were examined. CPPU was applied to fruitlets 21 days after flowering, either as a 5 mg/ litre dip or as a 5 mg/litre spray. Dipping increased mean fresh weight of fruit at harvest by 43% and spraying by 33%. Most of the increase in fruit size was because of an increase in the volume of “small” isodiametric parenchyma cells in the outer pericarp. The volume of “large” ovoid parenchyma cells in the outer pericarp was not affected by CPPU treatment. CPPU application increased the rate of accumulation of soluble solids in fruit prior to harvest but did not increase the proportion of total dry matter. CPPU also caused increased growth of the outer pericarp at the stylar end of the fruit, resulting in small protuberances. Morphological attributes of fruit including the ratio of length to diameter, and flatness, were unaffected by CPPU treatment. Dipped fruit contained less tannin in the skin at harvest and appeared greener than untreated fruit at harvest and after storage. Fruit firmness was similar in treated and untreated fruit at harvest, and their rates of softening in storage at 0°C were similar.

ISSN:0114-0671    

DOI:10.1080/01140671.1993.9513777

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1993

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

‘Apex’ is a mid‐season processing pea cultivar resistant to pea common wilt (Fusarium oxysporumf.sp.pisirace 1 ), pea top yellows virus, and bean yellow mosaic virus. ‘Apex’ has a very determinate fruiting habit which assists in maximising vining yield. It has consistently outyielded the standard cultivars in evaluation trials and meets the processing quality requirements. ‘Apex’ is suitable for freezing and dehydration.

ISSN:0114-0671    

DOI:10.1080/01140671.1993.9513778

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1993

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

‘Trounce’ is a new maincrop freezer pea developed for the vegetable processing industry. Its main advantage is its high level of resistance to powdery mildew(Erisyphe pisiDC). It is a mid‐season maturity cultivar resistant to pea common wilt{Fusarium oxysporumf.sp.pisirace 1), pea top yellows virus, and bean yellow mosaic virus. In 15 evaluation trials over 3 years, it has consistently outyielded the standard cultivars. ‘Trounce’ has performed well in quality assessments testing its suitability for freezing. A notable feature of this cultivar is the high proportion of small peas produced.

ISSN:0114-0671    

DOI:10.1080/01140671.1993.9513779

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1993

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

FluorescentPseudomonasspp. from 62 root, leaf, and fruit samples covering 24 horticultural crops, and 8 pastoral soil samples, were tested in vitro for their ability to inhibit the growth of five pathogenic fungi—Botrytis cinereaPersoon,Fusarium oxysporumSchlechtendal f. sp.lycopersici(Saccardo) Snyder & Hansen,Phytophthora nicotianaevan Breda de Haan varnicotianae, Pythium debaryanumauct. (non Hesse), andPythium ultimumTrow. Bacterial isolates from 17, 15, 10, and 5 crops showed some degree of antagonism towardsPythiumspp.,B. cinerea, P. nicotianae,andF. oxysporumrespectively. The isolates from the rhizosphere of beetroot, lettuce, loquat, pasture, strawberry, and the fructoplane of lemon had the greatest percentage of antifungal bacteria. There were differences between plant species in the percentage of antifungalPseudomonasspp. isolates showing antifungal activity againstPythium ultimum (P <0.001),P. debaryanum(P<0.01),P. nicotianae(P<0.01), andB. cinerea (P<0.05).Antifungal activity against at least two pathogens was shown by 9% of the isolates.

ISSN:0114-0671    

DOI:10.1080/01140671.1993.9513780

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1993

数据来源: Taylor