摘要:

Seed proteins of cultivated lentil (Lens culinarisssp.culinaris),its wild relatives—L. culinarisssp.orientalis, L. odemensis, L. ervoides, L. nigricans,and their interspecific hybrids were analysed by sodium dodecyl sulphate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS‐PAGE). Protein bands were scored for presence or absence and genetic distances were calculated and utilised for split decomposition analysis. Similarity matrix analyses were also carried out. Results show thatL. culinarisssp.orientalisandL. odemensisare probably the wild progenitors of cultivated lentil. Interspecific hybrids show different degrees of genetic similarity to their parents. Caution is suggested if SDS‐PAGE is used to predict genetic relationships ofLensinterspecific hybrids because of differences found between known genetic similarities, and similarities suggested by SDS‐PAGE of F1hybrids.

ISSN:0114-0671    

DOI:10.1080/01140671.1997.9513995

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1997

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

The effects of manipulating sowing and harvest dates on the degree of carrot rust fly (Psila rosae) damage on carrots (Daucus carota) was investigated at Lincoln University, Canterbury, New Zealand in 1994–95. The proportion of damaged carrots resulting from late sowings (mid November‐late December) and harvested before the third carrot rust fly generation was lower than those sown earlier (early–late October). However, a reduction in growing time for later sowing dates resulted in roots which were not of a marketable size. There were low numbers of first‐generation flies caught from early November to late December, and very high numbers of third‐generation flies caught from late March to late June. An early sowing (October) in combination with a harvest before the peak of third‐generation flight activity (mid April‐early May) resulted in a higher proportion of marketable carrots.

ISSN:0114-0671    

DOI:10.1080/01140671.1997.9513996

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1997

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

The susceptibility of two New Zealand populations of diamondback moth,Plutella xylostella,to insecticides from three classes was compared with the susceptibility of a standard North American population (Geneva 88) in laboratory assays at the New York Experiment Station during 1993. Leaf dip assays showed that the New Zealand populations had developed moderate resistance to permethrin compared with the Geneva 88 population, but were still susceptible to methamidophos,Bacillus thuringiensissubsp.kurstaki,andB. thuringiensissubsp.aizawai.One of the New Zealand populations, Pukekohe 1, was 10 times more resistant to permethrin at the LC50compared to the Geneva 88 population. This level of resistance was consistent with the greater use of synthetic pyrethroids, particularly permethrin, compared with other insecticides on vegetable brassicas at Pukekohe. Use of the Pukekohe 1 population as a standard for resistance assays in New Zealand indicated that diamondback moth from a reported control failure in Pukekohe were 4.9 times more resistant to lambdacyhalothrin, and may be as resistant to synthetic pyrethroids as the most resistant North American populations reported in Sheltonetal. (1993b).

ISSN:0114-0671    

DOI:10.1080/01140671.1997.9513997

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1997

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Molecular examination of the ribosomal internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region in potato cyst nematodes (PCN) is described. The ITS was amplified and sequenced from a number of PCN collections. A low level of sequence variation was found betweenGlobodera rostochiensis, G. pallida,and a Peruvian PCN collection, but no variation within Australasian collections of species was noted. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) primers based upon theG. rostochiensis–G. pallidasequence differences were designed and successfully used to identify mixed PCN species in a single PCR reaction.

ISSN:0114-0671    

DOI:10.1080/01140671.1997.9513998

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1997

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Rootstocks used in the past for stone fruit trees in New Zealand were traced, where possible, back to their time of importation. Some of the rootstocks had been in use in New Zealand since before the turn of this century, but the most important were imported mainly from England between 1930 and 1960. Rootstocks used commonly for plums (Prunus salicinaLindl.), apricots (P. armenicaL.), and sweet cherries (P. aviumL.), and also some which were trialled but did not become popular, were tested for the presence of virus diseases. With plums, the four most important rootstocks ('Brompton’, ‘Marianna’, ‘Myrobalan B’, and ‘St Julien A') were free from infection. However,Prunusnecrotic ringspot, dark green sunken mottle (apple chlorotic leaf spot), and plum line pattern viruses occurred in others. In cherries,Prunusnecrotic ringspot virus occurred in most of the rootstocks, with prune dwarf, green ring mottle, and little cherry viruses sometimes also being present. ‘Kentish Red’, aP. cerasus(L.) cherry rootstock, had the highest incidence of infection. Presence of the viruses in the plum and cherry rootstocks would have contributed to the high incidence of infection in plum, apricot, and cherry trees, and explained why peaches (P. persicaL.) and nectarines (P. persicavar.nucipersica(Borkh.) C. K. Schneider), which are normally grown on peach seedling rootstocks were generally less commonly infected.

ISSN:0114-0671    

DOI:10.1080/01140671.1997.9513999

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1997

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Kiwifruit (Actinidia deliciosa(A. Chev.) C.F. Liang et A.R. Ferguson) canes were excised from vines during winter and suspended from the vine canopy in the field until late spring. The effects of excision, subsequent orientation of the cane, and length of the cane (whole cane or cuttings) on spring budbreak, shoot growth, and flowering were compared with equivalent intact canes left on the vine. Excision and orientation of whole canes had no effect on budbreak. Budbreak on small cuttings (80%) was greater than on whole canes (40%) or intact canes (45%). The sequence of budbreak was also different in small cuttings. Shoot development on excised canes and cuttings was limited; shoots were shorter, node number generally less, and flower bud size smaller. Numbers of flowers on shoots were the same on excised canes, cuttings, and intact canes. Small cuttings are only useful to predict the flower number potential of particular shoot buds. Excised canes form a suitable system for the study of interactions between buds on a cane involving measurements of budbreak, timing, and patterns of budbreak and/or numbers of flowers per shoot.

ISSN:0114-0671    

DOI:10.1080/01140671.1997.9514000

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1997

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Electrical impedance spectroscopy was used to follow ripening and chilling injury development in persimmon fruit (Dyospyros kakiL. ‘Fuyu'). Tissue resistance and reactance were measured at frequencies between 50 Hz and 1 MHz, and then fitted to an electrical model. Fruit responses to both ripening at 20°C and storage in modified atmosphere at 7°C were distinct and easily detected using electrical impedance spectroscopy. Plots of reactance against resistance at each series of frequencies traced a semicircular arc. During ripening, the arcs dilated between Days 1 and 21, then contracted, until at Day 35 they were smaller than at Day 1. Electrical modelling indicated that the dilation occurred as a result of a 43, 115, and 17% increase in resistanceR\(cell wall resistance), R2(cytoplasm resistance), and R4(vacuole resistance), respectively. After 35 days of ripening, R1was 39% lower and C3(membrane capacitance) was 19% higher than at Day 1. Chilling injury developed with increasing time at 7°C in modified atmosphere storage (MA), until severe symptoms were observed after 5 weeks. Chill‐injured fruit differed from other fruit in that R2was significantly lower upon removal from storage, although it rapidly increased when fruit were transferred to 20°C for ripening. These results are discussed in relation to the physiological changes that occur during ripening and development of chilling injury in persimmon.

ISSN:0114-0671    

DOI:10.1080/01140671.1997.9514001

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1997

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Saffron, the world's highest priced spice, is made from the dried stigma of the saffron crocus,Crocus sativusL. After establishment, saffron spice yields in Central Otago, New Zealand, averaged 3.7 g/m2and were higher than yields at Mosgiel and Hamilton. Spice yields were significantly increased by applying sawdust mulch to crop beds, but incorporating peat into the soil before planting did not affect spice production. Planting larger‐sized corms significantly improved spice yield and daughter corm production in the second year. Saffron spice yields from established crops at Clyde are estimated to reach 24.3 kg/ha, up to twice that obtained in traditional saffron‐producing countries, but high labour costs in New Zealand appear to limit the opportunities for competitive production of saffron spice in this country.

ISSN:0114-0671    

DOI:10.1080/01140671.1997.9514002

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1997

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Dried root of the medicinal plantEchinacea purpurea(L.) Moench is used as an immune stimulant. Evidence from initial field trials in New Zealand suggested that root yield may be improved by planting at higher densities than commonly used. Plants were grown in raised beds 1.5 m wide at densities ranging from 1.5 to 65 plants/m of bed. Maximum root yield after two seasons of growth was c. 30 g/plant at the lowest densities, reducing to 5 g/plant at the highest densities. Maximum yields of 260 g/m of bed were achieved at densities of c. 20 plants/m of bed with no change at higher densities. Root yield as a percentage of root + rhizome yield increased from 45 to 65% as plant size diminished with increasing density. Changes in rootirhizome ratio with plant density are likely to affect alkylamide concentration.

ISSN:0114-0671    

DOI:10.1080/01140671.1997.9514003

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1997

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

‘Doyenne du Cornice’ pear (Pyrus communisL.) trees were selected from commercial nurseries 1 and 2 years after budding, and graded for size and number of side branches. At planting in an orchard trees of each of three grades received three pruning management treatments. For 2 years trees were assessed for shoot vigour and complexity, spur development, floral precocity, and tree form. Tree growth and precocity were influenced by both initial tree quality and early tree management. Planting out a 2‐year large branched (Grade 1) nursery tree resulted in the largest and most precocious tree. One‐year unbranched (Grade 3) maiden rods remained the smallest and least fruitful trees after 2 years. Tree management by bending the leader horizontally in the first season increased the number of moderately weak side shoots and floral precocity. Orchard performance of ‘Doyenne du Cornice’ may be enhanced by planting large branched trees or applying a non‐invigorating leader bending management that encourages early cropping of young trees.

ISSN:0114-0671    

DOI:10.1080/01140671.1997.9514004

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1997

数据来源: Taylor