ISSN:1035-7319    

DOI:10.1111/j.1753-6405.1992.tb00037.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:1035-7319    

DOI:10.1111/j.1753-6405.1992.tb00038.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract:Road accident casualties are major consumers of health service resources in Australia, using inpatient care, accident and emergency treatment and other facilities. We analysed hospitalisations resulting from road accidents in Western Australia from 1968 to 1987 to examine trends in accident types, deaths and casualties. Data from the Western Australian Health Department's Hospital Morbidity System were used. Although hospitalisations from road accidents generally decreased, they were still higher than the Australian average in 1985. The rate of decline in hospitalisations was similar to that for fatalities and was not generally related to age or sex. There was some evidence of a more rapid decline in the rate of severe injuries than in minor ones. Further steps need to be taken to reduce the number of casualties from road accidents, as road accidents represent a major public health problem in Western Australia.

ISSN:1035-7319    

DOI:10.1111/j.1753-6405.1992.tb00039.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract:Although children are overrepresented in farm injury, little is known about the environmental hazards and risk behaviours associated with injury, or about how to identify these factors at a local level. This study addresses the measurement of these hazards and hazardous behaviours.The study was conducted in 1990 at Gloucester, New South Wales, a small dairy, beef and hobby farm community. After some formative research and local consultation, a checklist survey was constructed and sent to 120 farm families with school‐age children. Families were sent the checklist forms again two weeks later to assess test‐retest reliability, which was found to be acceptable among the 38 per cent who responded on both occasions. The findings on the prevalence of environmental hazards and risk behaviours from the 84 per cent of respondents were useful to refine the existing injury information available from local hospital morbidity figures, which had identified injuries related to riding Qiorses, bicycles and motorcycles) and to machinery and drowning as major rural injury issues. In particular the importance of bicycle riding and horse‐related injury were confirmed. The survey importantly identified some previously undetected issues, most notably the danger to children's hearing.The prevalence data were used to identify targets for the development of local health promotion initiatives, leading the local farm safety action group to select horses, helmets and hearing as issues for preventive action. Findings from the method indicated the importance of local information, involving farmers in constructing the checklist, and feeding back results to the comm

ISSN:1035-7319    

DOI:10.1111/j.1753-6405.1992.tb00040.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract:The concept of tertiary sexual transmission of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) has been central to government efforts to communicate notions of risk to heterosexuals in Australia. Data on heterosexually transmitted acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) and HIV for Australia are reviewed with emphasis given to the probability of misclassification bias in the heterosexually acquired and ‘other/undetermined’ categories. Tertiary cases are almost certainly rare in Australia, with little evidence of any increase in their incidence since the first cases were recorded. Three factors (low probability of exposure, the infectivity of HIV and a comparatively low rate of sexual partner change) make it improbable that Australian heterosexuals with no risk factors will experience endemic HIV infection, with a caveat to this conclusion lying in the potential of Australian sex tourism to Southeast Asia for introducing HIV into the Australian heterosexual population.Four hegemonic factors which have acted to suppress any serious debate of the notion that HIV in Australia is unlikely to become endemic among heterosexuals are discussed: the political ‘democratisation’ of risk inspired by concerns that gay men should not be further vilified as a victim group; the preventive imperative; a reluctance among health educators to question the very foundations of the message they are employed to deliver; and a reluctance to curtail ‘Trojan horse’ benefits to sexually transmissible disease prevention engendered by HIV education promoting safe s

ISSN:1035-7319    

DOI:10.1111/j.1753-6405.1992.tb00041.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:1035-7319    

DOI:10.1111/j.1753-6405.1992.tb00042.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract:Discourse analysis is an interdisciplinary field of inquiry which has been little employed by public health practitioners. The methodology involves a focus upon the sociocultural and political context in which text and talk occur. Discourse analysis is, above all, concerned with a critical analysis of the use of language and the reproduction of dominant ideologies (belief systems) in discourse (defined here as a group of ideas or patterned way of thinking which can both be identified in textual and verbal communications and located in wider social structures). Discourse analysis adds a linguistic approach to an understanding of the relationship between language and ideology, exploring the way in which theories of reality and relations of power are encoded in such aspects as the syntax, style and rhetorical devices used in texts. This paper argues that discourse analysis is pertinent to the concerns of public health, for it has the potential to lay bare the ideological dimension of such phenomena as lay health beliefs, the doctor‐patient relationship, and the dissemination of health information in the entertainment mass media. This dimension is often neglected by public health research. The method of discourse analysis is explained, and examples of its use in the area of public health give

ISSN:1035-7319    

DOI:10.1111/j.1753-6405.1992.tb00043.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract:The emergence of the disease AIDS in the early 1980s has resulted in a unique response. Medical, sociocultural, political, sexual, moral and racial issues have all been raised. This paper examines the way in which participation of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people has resulted in the culturally appropriate and distinctive approaches evident in health education materials produced in Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander communities. Specific cultural issues relevant to AIDS education are considered, including: the use of visual and narrative communication for AIDS education; the significance of the specific concepts related to communication on sexual issues; perceptions of AIDS as alien and genocidal; the use of the Dreaming in AIDS educational resources; and implications for AIDS education.

ISSN:1035-7319    

DOI:10.1111/j.1753-6405.1992.tb00044.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract:A case‐control study examining the risk factors for sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) in New Zealand identified three risk factors that are potentially amenable to modification: prone sleeping position of the infant, maternal smoking and lack of breastfeeding. In total these three risk factors may account for 79 per cent of deaths from SIDS in New Zealand. We describe the planning and implementation of the cot death prevention program, which has involved a wide range of groups and different strategies. The outcome of the prevention program is being evaluate

ISSN:1035-7319    

DOI:10.1111/j.1753-6405.1992.tb00045.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract:In 1989 we mailed a questionnaire to all 461 general practitioners (GPs) identified as currently practising in the Eastern Metropolitan Health Region of Sydney. This was the first phase of a program to assess, amplify and reassess GPs' knowledge of the risk factors for heart disease and measure their attitudes and beliefs about their role in the prevention of cardiovascular disease. The second phase was an education program designed to meet the needs identified by the first questionnaire. Phase three was a postintervention questionnaire.Fifty‐six per cent (260/461) responded to the first questionnaire. This follow‐up group were mailed the second questionnaire, to which 52 per cent (135/260) responded. Thirty per cent of the original sample (139/461) attended the education program and 30 per cent (79/260) of the follow‐up group did so.At baseline, the respondents' level of risk factor knowledge was good, but after the education program there was still a large gap between what they said they knew and the amount of advice they said they would give to patients. The only significant increase in the amount of advice after the intervention was to ‘control blood pressure’. This applied whether the GP had participated in the intervention or not. When GPs were asked how often in the last month they had actually given advice to reduce cardiovascular disease risk, program attenders reported offering it more frequently than nonattenders.We also attempted to determine whether any particular demographic characteristics could predict respondents to the questionnaires and/or the educationa

ISSN:1035-7319    

DOI:10.1111/j.1753-6405.1992.tb00046.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY