ISSN:1035-7319    

DOI:10.1111/j.1753-6405.1993.tb00155.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:1035-7319    

DOI:10.1111/j.1753-6405.1993.tb00156.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:1035-7319    

DOI:10.1111/j.1753-6405.1993.tb00157.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:1035-7319    

DOI:10.1111/j.1753-6405.1993.tb00158.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract:Following the reporting of a cluster of cases of brain tumour in the workforce of an underground coal mine (Mine A) in the Newcastle coalfield, a study was carried out to determine whether this phenomenon was due to chance alone or whether an environmental cause could be postulated. The study design was a historical cohort study over 15 years comparing the incidence of brain tumour (ICD9 191 and 192) in the index mine with that in two control mines (Mines B and C) in the same area and with that in the general Australian population. We compared environmental exposures (ionising and nonionising radiation and chemical exposure) in the three mines. With Australian brain tumour incidence rates as reference, the standardised incidence ratio for brain tumour in Mine A was 5.3 (95 per cent confidence interval (CI) 1.08 to 14.04) and in Mines B and C combined was 1.23 (CI 0.02 to 3.80). On most environmental assessments the three mines were similar but Mine A used larger volumes of solvents than the other mines. This study poses two questions: was the increase in cases of brain tumour in Mine A ‘real’ and if so, was it related to the use of solvents? Data, from an investigation of a cluster such as this, are unlikely to be conclusive. Nevertheless, such answers are demanded not only by those at risk but also by the mine management, which is responsible for a safe working environment. Some of the difficulties involved with this judgment are discus

ISSN:1035-7319    

DOI:10.1111/j.1753-6405.1993.tb00159.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract:Chinese migrants have low cardiovascular mortality, particularly in their first 10 years of residence in Australia. The apparent increase in cardiovascular deaths among Asian migrants who have lived in Australia for more than 10 years suggests that cardiovascular risk transition may occur soon after migration. In this descriptive study, we found that Melbourne Chinese were not low in cardiovascular risk factors as usually defined. The prevalence of hyperlipidaemia (7.7 per cent for men and 5.2 per cent for women) was similar to the prevalence for other Australians (6.8 per cent for men and 4.4 per cent for women). In spite of low mean blood pressure (systolic blood pressure 114+23 mmHg (mean+standard deviation) and diastolic blood pressure 67.3+10.6 mmHg), Melbourne Chinese women were hypertensive as often as their Australian counterparts. The prevalence of cigarette smoking in men (26.9 per cent) was also comparable to prevalence for Australian males (24.1 per cent). Being slim is the only recognised cardiovascular protection that Melbourne Chinese may have. A high waist‐to‐hip ratio (0.91+0.054 for men and 0.88+0.077 for women), however, may outweigh the potential benefit of a lower prevalence of overweight (17.7 per cent for men and 14.1 per cent for women). Melbourne Chinese men had a multiple risk‐factor profile similar to their Australian counterparts. Differences in multiple risk factors in women were attributable to fewer Chinese women having a single risk factor (15.4 per cent versus 30.1 per cent). While cardiovascular mortality and risk‐factor prevalence is declining in Australia, our study suggests that migrants such as Melbourne Chinese may not share the same health impr

ISSN:1035-7319    

DOI:10.1111/j.1753-6405.1993.tb00160.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract:A needs survey was administered by mail in the Coalfields area of the Hunter region (a lower socioeconomic area around Cessnock) and in a higher socioeconomic area of Newcastle. The purpose was to assist planning for Coalfields Healthy Heartbeat—a community‐action heart disease prevention program. Response rates from random samples of residents were 435/897 (49 per cent) for the Coalfields and 565/875 (65 per cent) for Newcastle. In both study areas heart attack was ranked eleventh from a list of 17 potential community worries, well below drugs, crime, road safety, the environment, cancer and ‘loss of health’. Coalfields respondents were more worried about all issues on the list than were the residents in Newcastle and were less likely to have heard about recent health promotion campaigns. Coalfields respondents felt that heart disease prevention was the responsibility of the individual, the family, and the medical profession, in that order, and much less the responsibility of local community groups. Results suggest that health promotion strategies incorporating values, language and symbols that are meaningful to distinct subgroups may be more successful than disease‐specific programs aimed at the general p

ISSN:1035-7319    

DOI:10.1111/j.1753-6405.1993.tb00161.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract:As part of a study of risk factors for glucose intolerance and heart disease in Australian Aborigines and persons of European descent, we elicited the prevalence of food habits that may be associated with high fat and high salt intakes. Interview data were gathered from population‐based samples in country towns and visitors to an Aboriginal health service in a state capital city, all in southeastern Australia. Among persons aged 13 years and over, the frequency of eating takeaway food as a meal was categorised as monthly or less, weekly, more than once per week, and daily or more often. The prevalence of eating such meals was higher among city Aborigines than those living in the country town; the prevalence was lowest among the country‐town Europeans (χ2= 184, 6 df,P<0.001). The prevalence of adding salt during cooking and food consumption was higher among Aborigines compared with Europeans. Among country‐town Aboriginal males aged 35 or under, 25 of 40 (63 per cent) added salt to cooked food ‘most of the time’, compared with 66 of 185 (36 per cent) Europeans (χ2= 9.8,P= 0.002). Among Aboriginal females, 47 of 64 (64 per cent) were in the highest category of salt use, compared with 35 of 190 (18 per cent) of Europeans (χ2= 66.3,P<0.001). About one‐third of country‐town Aboriginal males used dripping to fry food, but in the other ethnicity, gender and location groups, vegetable oil was the most frequent choice. The main differences in food habits were associated with ethnicity, rather than location. It remains critical that approaches to dietary modification be specific

ISSN:1035-7319    

DOI:10.1111/j.1753-6405.1993.tb00162.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract:Aborigines and Torres Strait Islanders who live in discrete communities have poor health. Their life expectancy is relatively low and the underlying rates of morbidity, mortality and hospitalisation are much higher than the Australian average. For Aborigines and Torres Strait Islanders in the remote communities, the mortality rate is some three times higher than that of the total population. By comparing remote Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander communities with similarly remote nonindigenous settlements, the paper shows that there was greater hospital activity per person in remote Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander communities. Paradoxically, whereas there was greater hospital activity in discrete indigenous communities, there was lower expenditure per person on hospital services. The paper finds also that there were fewer medical and nursing staff per person in remote Aboriginal and Torres Strait communities.

ISSN:1035-7319    

DOI:10.1111/j.1753-6405.1993.tb00163.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract:The apparent incidence of acute hepatitis B infection in the Top End of the Northern Territory was estimated from notification data and hospital data to be 12 per 100 000 per year, with a marked difference between Aborigines (42 per 100 000) and non‐Aborigines (4 per 100 000), and an odds ratio of 9.7 (95 per cent confidence intervals 3 to 33). Sixty percent of Aboriginal cases of acute hepatitis B occurred in children under 10 years of age, whereas non‐Aboriginal cases occurred in adults aged 20 to 29, most with behavioural risk factors. These findings confirm the importance of immunising Aboriginal children to reduce the future incidence of hepatitis B infection and hepat

ISSN:1035-7319    

DOI:10.1111/j.1753-6405.1993.tb00164.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY