摘要:

Micropropagation has developed from a research procedure to a major commercial operation, and the operational and financial problems in this development are reviewed. A brief profile is presented of the industry in western Europe, and of the present nature of the trade in microplants. European laboratories are increasingly concentrating on expensive and specialized plants. The regulatory position for micropropagated plants should be specially adapted for the purpose.

ISSN:0250-8052    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2338.1991.tb01226.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The growing importance of micropropagation has led to the appearance of micropropagated material in international trade. Plant quarantine services have to decide whether this material should be handled like any other plants (phytosanitary certificate) or whether special inspection and certification systems, at source, can be developed to simplify the phytosanitary handling of this material.

ISSN:0250-8052    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2338.1991.tb01227.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

PQ is a relational data base, in dBase IV, composed of files PESTFILE (of plant pest names), HOSTFILE (of host plant names), GEOGFILE (of names of countries and geographical areas), GEOGLINK (of relationships between geographical entities), PQATTACK (of host/pest combinations) and PQOCCUR (of country/pest combinations). It holds all the relevant information from EPPO data sheets on quarantine organisms, together with equivalent information from FAO and from other Regional Plant Protection Organizations, whose data bases are of the same origin and fully compatible with PQ. PQR is a menu‐driven on‐screen system for consulting the data base, to be made available to Member Governments as a compiled run‐time version. Other EPPO systems (for fruit‐tree viruses, for the European Handbook of Plant Diseases, for intercepted consignments) also use the central files PESTFILE, HOSTFILE and G

ISSN:0250-8052    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2338.1991.tb01228.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

To aid the assessment of potential environmental side‐effects arising from the use of plant protection products, a general framework for decision‐making schemes is proposed. This should provide a consistent basis for the evaluation of different products, affecting the environment in different ways. Schemes constructed by this approach should indicate areas of uncertainty, highlight aspects on which expert knowledge is essential, and identify the data needed and how to interpret them. The proposed framework is sequential, comprising a series of stages, from the pattern of use of the product and its properties, to exposure of wildlife, calculation of the probability that adverse effects will occur, and judgements about their acceptability. This can be applied separately to effects on various components of the environment. A convenient format for decision‐making schemes is a sequence of linked questions leading to a classification of the environmental consequences. This is adaptable to more complex versions (e.g. a computer‐based expert system) or simpler, abbreviated evaluation using safety

ISSN:0250-8052    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2338.1991.tb01229.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Quantitative aspects of the detection of invasion by exotic pests are reviewed. Equations are linked for estimating the expected number of occurrences of pests, and the probability of detecting at least one pest occurrence. The frequency distributions of the annual number of detections for some exotic plant pests were calculated and in 6 of 7 analyses were not significantly different from Poisson frequency distributions. The aim of early detection of invading exotic pests would be assisted by better surveillance schemes, better data bases of invasions and more sophisticated modelling of entry by pests.

ISSN:0250-8052    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2338.1991.tb01230.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0250-8052    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2338.1991.tb01231.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0250-8052    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2338.1991.tb01232.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0250-8052    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2338.1991.tb01233.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0250-8052    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2338.1991.tb01234.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0250-8052    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2338.1991.tb01235.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY