摘要:

Scolytus kirschi, a bark beetle new to Israel, was found in 1983 near Lake Kinneret affecting and killing young elm trees under stress. The main cause of the stress was water deficiency. Phytosanitation, seasonal irrigation and exposure of trap logs all slowed down the spread of the beetle and prevented further damage.

ISSN:0250-8052    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2338.1986.tb00328.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Twenty species of Carabidae were trapped within a hardwood nursery, of which 16 were found both inside and outside the polyhouses. Spring and autumn activity peaks were observed, with different species dominant in the polyhouses in comparison with outdoor populations. Beetle and pest activity was greater under polyhouse conditions. A limited beetle movement both into and out from the polyhouses was demonstrated. Most of the species usually inhabited arable land or littoral areas subjected to disturbances similar to forest nurseries.

ISSN:0250-8052    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2338.1986.tb00329.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

En France méditerranéenne s'ajoutent aux problèmes entomologiques classiques (Thaumetopoea pityocampa, Lymantria dispar, Tortrix viridana) plusieurs problèmes récents: (1) l'introduction en Provence, puis l'expansion deMatsucoccus feytaudiqui s'est traduite par la destruction (ou l'exploitation précipitée) de 120.000 ha dePinus pinaster.Cette infestation a favorisé le développement de pullulations de divers xylophages secondaires, tels queTomicus destruens, Orthotomicus erosuset surtoutPissodes castaneus;(2) l'introduction surCedrus atlanticad'Epinotia cedricidaet des puceronsCedrobium laporteietCinara cedri; (3) l'expansion vers le sud, surPicea abies, deDendroctonus micans, avec d'importants dommages dans les forêts de Lozère notamment; (4) le développement en Ardèche, surAbies alba, de pullulations deChoristoneura murinana, espèce bien connue comme ravageur en Europe centrale et du Nord surtout mais dont la pullulation est observée pour la première fois en région aussi méridionale; (5) d'autres introductions peut‐être un peu plus mineures, comme celles deGonipterus scutellatusetCtenarytaina eucalyptisur eucalyptus. La lutte chimique convient àT. pityocampa, M. feytaudietC. murinana, alors qu'il faut envisager l'introduction d'ennemis naturels contreC. laporteietD. micans.La sélection d'espèces ou de provenances rèsistantes aux pucerons du cèdre ou àM. feytaudisemble prometteuse, comme l'emploi éventuel de phéromo

ISSN:0250-8052    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2338.1986.tb00330.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Neodiprion sertifer, the European pine sawfly, has in the past attacked mainlyPinus sylvestris.Afforestation of areas in northern Scotland withP. contortain the early 1960s and subsequently has led to widespread outbreaks ofN. sertiferon this species, attacks being most severe on trees 5 to 12 years old. The most serious damage is removal of the 1‐year and older needles. Complete loss of this foliage often occurs at the peak of an outbreak. Also, at high population densities, larvae may consume patches of bark, leading to weakening and stem breakage in high winds. Field studies comparing protected (undefoliated) randomized plots ofP. contortawith defoliated plots in Shin Forest (Sutherland) were carried out over the 1982–1983 growing seasons. Comparison of leaf/sapwood basal areas in undefoliated and defoliated plots indicated losses of up to 27% of total leaf area, both removal of old foliage by larvae and a reduction in current‐year foliage being involved. Further, there were significant reductions in sapwood basal area and height increment between control plots and some of the defoliated plots. The impact of such defoliation is to prolong the rotation by approximately 2

ISSN:0250-8052    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2338.1986.tb00331.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Corythuca ciliata, a N. American heteropteran, has been spreading on plane in Europe since 1964 and is now certainly present in Italy, Yugoslavia, France, Hungary, Spain, Austria and Switzerland, and probably in some other countries. Besides weakening the trees, the insect much diminishes their amenity value and is a direct nuisance to man. Its biology and control are reviewed, with emphasis on the possibilities for a biological or integrated approach (IOBC/WPRS working group). Though several countries remain uninfested, the insect's capacity for natural spread makes it unlikely that phytosanitary measures would serve much purpose.

ISSN:0250-8052    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2338.1986.tb00332.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Egg, caterpillar and cocoon parasites ofThaumetopoea pityocampa, the most important pine pest of the Adriatic area, were identified and counted in six experimental plots over a 5‐year perio

ISSN:0250-8052    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2338.1986.tb00333.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Trials were carried out with pityolure, the synthetic female sex pheromone ofThaumetopoea pityocampa, to test the various possibilities of its use in the management of the pest. Practical application consists of macromapping of infested and non‐infested areas, early detection of new foci of infestation, and timing of sprays with insecticides. Brief mention is made of possible uses not yet applied in practice, such as control by mating disruption, control by mass trapping and monitoring of the population level.Des essais sur le pityolure, phéromone synthétique sexuelle femelle deThaumetopoea pityocampa, ont permis de tester diverses possibilités d'utilisation pour la lutte contre cet organisme nuisible. Parmi les applications pratiques sont la macro‐cartographie des lieux infestés ou non infestés, la détection précoce de nouveaux foyers d'infestation et la détermination des dates d'application de pulvérisations d'insecticides. Quelques utilisations possibles mais non encore appliquées sont brièvement mentionnées: lutte par confusion des mâles, lutte par piégeages en masse et contrôle des niv

ISSN:0250-8052    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2338.1986.tb00334.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Devant le risque de pullulations de scolytides après la tornade de novembre 1982 qui a touche les régions Limousin, Auvergne et Rhône‐Alpes (10 millions de m3de chablis), une campagne de piégeages d'Ips typographusa été organisée dans les pessières par installation, dès le printemps 1983, de 20.000 pièges‐tubes amorcés avee une préparation de phéromones synthétiques, le Phéroprax. Ces actions ont été complétées par des dispositifs expérimentaux en forêt domaniale de Grande Chartreuse (Isère), dans une zone de pullulation d'Ips typographus, pour tenter de ramener la population du ravageur á un niveau non dangereux, et dans la Chaîne des Hurtières (Savoie) pour tenter de prévenir en secteur de chablis le développement de populations épidémiques nuisibles aux peuplements voisins indemnes. Une forte diminution des captures a été enregistrée en Chartreuse en 1984, avec pratiquement aucun arbre attaqué, alors que, dans les Hurtiéres, les captures ont augmenté considérablement dans la même pêriode, à cause de la multiplication d'I.typographussur les chablis extraits tardivement en 1983. Cependant, moins dePicea abiesont été tués autour des zones piégées

ISSN:0250-8052    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2338.1986.tb00335.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Fireblight, caused by the bacteriumErwinia amylovora, was observed in Israel for the first time in 1985. Primarily, the disease affected several pear orchards. The pathogen was also isolated and identified from symptomatic tissue of apple and cotoneaster. The occurrence, severity and distribution of the disease in 1985 is discussed in relation to environmental conditions and horticultural practices. Although fireblight was widespread in 1985, overall damage from the disease was limited. Actions taken to confirm the presence of fireblight and to manage the disease during its first season of occurrence are discussed. Prospects for the occurrence of fireblight in Israel in the future are discussed and specific recommendations for management of the disease are presented. Based on its behaviour in other countries, fireblight is expected to become established in Israel and the disease will require constant management to minimize losses.

ISSN:0250-8052    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2338.1986.tb00336.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The identification of smut fungi in smutted barley ears from Turkey and the UK was confirmed. Inoculation of seed showed that certain cultivars from both countries could be attacked byUstilago hordeifrom either country and byU. avenaefrom Turkey. The implications are discussed.

ISSN:0250-8052    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2338.1986.tb00337.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY