摘要:

The 1994 EPPO Council colloquium was devoted to discussion of the concept of the ‘pest‐free area’ (PFA), which arises specifically in the SPS agreement of GATT as a recommended phytosanitary measure. The IPPC Secretariat of FAO has drafted an international standard on the establishment of PFAs. The colloquium provided EPPO with the opportunity to explore this concept in its own terms, in relation to established EPPO ideas, in relation to PRA, as an element in the GATT agreement, in relation to the EU concept of a ‘protected zone’, and as an operational measure used for example in North America. Discussion at the colloquium served as the basis for EPPO's reaction to the FAO proposals. The four main contributions made at the colloquium are presented here in summar

ISSN:0250-8052    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2338.1995.tb01111.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The situation ofLymantria disparin Europe and Russia was reviewed at an EPPO meeting held in Poznan (PL) in 1995‐03. The introduction of an Asian form ofL. dispar, with flying females and a wider host range, from the Far East of Russia across the Pacific Ocean into North America had led to concerns that such a form might be present elsewhere in the EPPO region and might be introduced into North America across the Atlantic Ocean. Outbreaks ofL. disparwere observed in many parts of Western Europe in the early 1990s, but were not considered exceptional compared with earlier outbreaks. Flying females were, however, seen in Germany. Preliminary results obtained with DNA markers suggested that the ‘Asian genes’ which they identify occur at low density in Western Europe, and that there is a progressive eastwards increase in their frequency. It is concluded that the presence of ‘Asian genes’ and of flying females, at low density, is a normal feature of European populations ofL. dispar, and that European countries do not need to take special measures against the introduction of an ‘

ISSN:0250-8052    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2338.1995.tb01112.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Lymantria disparoccurs in Russia in at least two forms, the European form in European Russia (and also in western Europe) and the Asian form in the Russian Far East (and other far eastern countries). During an outbreak in the Russian Far East in the early 1990s, egg masses ofL. disparwere found on Russian ships sailing from the Far East ports to the west coast of North America. Larvae blown from such ships may have been responsible for outbreaks of the Asian form ofL. disparin western Canada and USA. As a result, a Russian‐American lymantriid monitoring programme was set up, using pheromone and light traps to follow the occurrence and flight ofLymantriaspp. around ports of the Russian Far East and in adjacent forest areas. These have shown a general decline in populations since 199

ISSN:0250-8052    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2338.1995.tb01113.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Data is given on occurrence ofLymantria disparin Poland, and on infested forest areas, over the period 1945/1994. Outbreaks occurred in 1952/1956, 1966/1971, 1980/1986 and 1992/1994, which corresponded with other outbreaks of this pest in Central Europe. A breeding area ofL. disparhas been recognized in marshes and forests in north‐eastern Poland, adjoining Belarus. Information is also provided on the pest status of six other Lymantriidae:Dasychira pudibunda, Euproctis chrysorrhoea, E. similis, Leucoma salicis, Lymantria monachaandOrgyia antiqua.A list of pathogens and parasitoids recorded in larvae and pupae ofL. disparin Poland is give

ISSN:0250-8052    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2338.1995.tb01114.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

A geographic information system was used to create a surface representation of 1990 pheromone‐trap catch data ofQuadraspidiotus perniciosus(San José scale) in Switzerland. The interpolation took the mountainous topography into consideration. The comparison ofQ. perniciosus‐infested regions and regions of tree‐fruit production indicates that major tree‐fruit production regions of Switzerland at risk are still free fromQ. per

ISSN:0250-8052    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2338.1995.tb01115.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The Plant Pest Risk Information System (PPRIS) is a computerized decision‐support system for plant pest risk assessment in the USA, being developed for use by personnel of the US Department of Agriculture's (USDA) Plant Protection and Quarantine, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service (APHIS). PPRIS is being designed to retrieve information from such diverse sources as: EPPO PQ database, USDA‐Agricultural Research Service's (ARS) Fungi on Plants and Plant Products database, bibliographic databases on compact disc media, on‐line INTERNET databases and risk assessment documents. PPRIS will offer access to a wide variety of risk assessment processes. A PPRIS evaluation prototype was created in Visual Basic ver. 3.0 operating in a Windows 3.1 environment. EPPO‐PQ and ARS‐Fungi databases were imported and stored in ORACLE ver. 6.0. Query functionality of the prototype was tested by retrieving information from the two internal ORACLE databases. The PPRIS evaluation prototype provides interfaces to the CABPEST bibliographic compact disc and to communication software for on‐line database searches. Three risk assessment processes were incorporated into the evaluation prototype: the decision sheet, generic risk assessment and enhanced hazard identification. The evaluation prototype also includes access to Wordperfect for Windows through the Windows Program Manager for storage and retrieval of risk assessmen

ISSN:0250-8052    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2338.1995.tb01116.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The pathogenicity and taxonomy of 15 isolates ofAlternariaspp. from pear and apple were compared. Only isolates from Asian pear (Pyrus pyrifolia) from Italy and Korea were virulent on leaves and young fruits of the susceptible Asian pear cv. Nijisseiki. Their conidial morphology was typical ofA. gaisen(=A. kikuchiana). Only isolates ofA. malifrom USA were virulent on susceptible American apple cvs Indo and Red Gold. No virulence was demonstrated in any isolate/host combination among isolates from stem infections of Asian and European pear (Pyrus communis), leaf spots of European apple, and ripe fruit rots of Chinese pear (Pyrus ussuriensis), European pear and apple. These non‐virulent isolates could be readily distinguished fromA. gaisenandA. maliby their pattern of branching of conidial chains, the branching associated withA. alternata sensu strictobeing most common among non‐virulent isolates. This limited survey implies thatA. gaisenis only virulent to Asian pear and the toxigenic form ofA. malito certain American apple cultivars; also thatA. gaisenis not established outside eastern Asia or the toxigenic form ofA. malioutside eastern Asia and parts of

ISSN:0250-8052    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2338.1995.tb01117.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

A root disease of common alder caused byPhytophthorasp. is widespread in southern Britain. It is estimated that more than 20 000 trees are seriously affected.Une infection racinaire due àPhytophthorasp. est largement disséminée dans le sud de la Grande‐Bretagne. Plus de 20 000 arbres sont estimés gravement att

ISSN:0250-8052    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2338.1995.tb01118.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The adaptability ofTilletia controversawas studied in particular relation to China, where wheat is cultivated under various climatic conditions. Teliospore germination is closely influenced by temperature, light and soil humidity. Establishment ofT. controversadepends on: (1) persistent low temperature (0–10°C) within the surface layer of the soil, in combination with adequate soil moisture; (2) presence of seedlings of susceptible wheat cultivars, especially in the early stage of tillering before or during overwintering. The climatic conditions of various wheat‐growing areas in China were compared with the results obtained in this study, and areas of prevalent damage and of marginal damage were predicted. It was concluded thatT. controversapresents a considerable hazard to China if it accidentally en

ISSN:0250-8052    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2338.1995.tb01119.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Samples of effluent were taken at various stages in a range of waste‐water treatment systems from seven sugarbeet factories and 14 vegetable processors and tested by a seedling‐baiting method. None of the systems examined appeared completely to removePolymyxa betae, the fungal vector of beet necrotic yellow vein furovirus, the cause of rhizomania disease of sugarbeet. In laboratory experiments, neither anaerobic conditions, raising the pH to 12 nor treating with peracetic acid had any discernible effect onP. betaeviability. It is concluded that there is a risk that rhizomania disease could be spread by waste water from processing infected sugarbeet or vegetables from infested land, although there is some evidence that this risk is reduced where systems involving extensive settlement are u

ISSN:0250-8052    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2338.1995.tb01120.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY