摘要:

The present study aims at examining the relationship between cephalometric craniofacial dimensions and speech performance in 30 young adult cleft palate patients with a Pierre Robin (PR) sequence. Speech was analyzed from taperecorded speech samples and by using nasalance measurements. Veloparyngeal closure was assessed by using videonasendoscopy. Various cephalometric dimensions reflecting facial vertical height and sagittal nasopharyngeal length were measured and compared to speech data. The results indicated that the sagittal bony nasopharyngeal depth (AD1-PNS, AD2-PNS) is significantly related to speech impairment in terms of the need for velopharyngoplasty. After comparing the present results to those obtained from patients with isolated cleft palate without a PR sequence we concluded that the cleft patients with a PR sequence require more often velopharyngeal flaps to eliminate persisting signs of velopharyngeal insufficiency.

ISSN:1021-7762    

DOI:10.1159/000266412

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1996

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

L’article présente les résultats d’examens ORL, cognitifs et logopédiques d’un garçon de 12 ans 9 mois, atteint du syndrome du cri du chat. Le fonctionnement laryngé s’est normalise. Par contre, l’enfant a une défïcience mandibulaire légère. Le fonctionnement cognitif de l’enfant le situe en dessous de 3 ans d’âge mental, avec un blocage total à l’abstraction mais une adaptation correcte aux situations concretes et pratiques. L’examen du langage a été realise dans deux contextes pragmatiques complémentaires, celui d’un testing classique et celui d’un jeu seminduit. Les fonctions référentielles et expressives sont relativement bonnes avec une piètre adaptation aux interlocuteurs. Le fonctionnement cognitifsémantique de J.M. en denomination et pour les marqueurs de relations spatiales est d’environ 4 ½ ans, ce qui est supérieur à ce que l’on pourrait espérer sur la base de son niveau cognitif aux échelles d’intelligence. Les caratéristiques syntaxiques de l’enfant sont cependant d’un niveau de 3 ans. La disparité entre le fonctionnement sémantique-cognitif, le fonctionnement syntaxique et le fonctionnement cognitif non langagier est done peu importante. Seul le fonctionnement pragmatique de l’enfant reste beaucoup plus faible que celui qui est atteint pour les autres facettes de son langage. Les résultats langagiers de ce cas de syndrome du cri du chat sont discutés comparativement à ceux des trisomiques 21 et d’autres

ISSN:1021-7762    

DOI:10.1159/000266413

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1996

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

The purpose of this investigation was to compare the fundamental frequency (F0), durational, and sound pressure characteristics of speech during production of contrastive stress, a suprasegmental component of speech, in young adult and elderly women. Results indicate that, while both groups significantly increased Fo, duration, and sound pressure level during production of contrastive stress, elderly women increased Fo to a significantly greater extent than young women and, for all acoustic parameters, the groups were dissimilar in position effects. In spite of the age related differences, such differences did not appear to limit the ability of elderly women to provide linguistic information through prosody. However, they may do so differently from young women. These findings may have implications in terms of treatment of speech disorders in the elderly.

ISSN:1021-7762    

DOI:10.1159/000266414

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1996

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

This study concerns a comparison of different quantification techniques that have been developed to parameterize a voice source that has been estimated using inverse filtering that applies no flow mask (i.e. absolute flow values are not obtained). The speech material consisted of voices of three different phonation types produced by 5 female and 5 male subjects. Quantification of the voice source was computed using three time-based quotients that were extracted from the glottal flow waveforms, two time-based parameters that were extracted from the flow and its first derivative, one amplitude-domain quotient that was defined using both the flow and its derivative, and one frequency domain parameter that was computed from the flow signal. The results showed that phonation types could be separated from each other most effectively when quantification was based on parameters that were extracted between the instant of the maximal glottal opening and the minimum peak of the flow derivative.

ISSN:1021-7762    

DOI:10.1159/000266415

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1996

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

In order to evaluate the results of voice and speech rehabilitation after total laryngectomy some acoustic parameters (fundamental frequency, waveform perturbation) were examined in 18 total laryngectomy patients. Eight of these subjects had previously been surgically rehabilitated with a trachealesophageal phonatory valve while 10 had been submitted to esophageal speech rehabilitation. Analysis of results has shown that trachealesophageal voices are more likely to provide a stable fundamental frequency; there is also a tendency toward more clearly defined harmonics; jitter and shimmer are more similar to the values of normal subjects compared with those observed in esophageal speech. Such results seem to depend on a more regular vibration pattern in the pharyngealesophageal segment, due to the more efficient expiratory flow in trachealesophageal speech. Moreover we were able to demonstrate a correlation between the objective parameters evaluated and the subjective score on speech acceptability.

ISSN:1021-7762    

DOI:10.1159/000266416

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1996

数据来源: Karger

ISSN:1021-7762    

DOI:10.1159/000266417

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1996

数据来源: Karger

ISSN:1021-7762    

DOI:10.1159/000266418

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1996

数据来源: Karger