摘要:

Die ursprünglich englischen «Reynell Developmental Language Scales» wurden für die niederländische Sprache adaptiert. Es wird ein Überblick geboten über die am meisten verwendeten niederländischsprachigen Testinstrumente und spontanen Methoden der Testanalyse im Niederiändischen. Es zeigt sich dabei, dass ein Test für junge Kinder fehlt, der sowohl die rezeptive als auch die produktive Sprache umfasst. Die sprachliche Anpassung an das niederländische Idiom wird illustriert. Es wurde eine Standardisierung durchgeführt mit einer Stichprobe (1288 Kinder) von 2–5 Jahren. Die Ergebnisse der psychodiagnostischen Untersuchung werden zusammengefasst. Ziel dieses Unternehmens war es, ein standardisiertes Instrument inklusive Normtabelle sowohl für die rezeptive als auch die produktive Sprachentwicklung im Niederiändischen zu entwickeln. RTOS (Reynell Taalontwikkelingsschalen) ist der Name dieses neu

ISSN:1021-7762    

DOI:10.1159/000266367

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1995

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Speech development, the occurrence of articulatory errors, speech therapy received and literacy were evaluated in children at preschool and school age. Data were obtained with questionnaires sent to the parents and teachers of 1,708 second-grade children in 119 school classes selected by multistage random sampling among Finnish-speaking schools throughout the country. Completed questionnaires were received from 1,531 parents (89.6%) and 1,601 teachers (93.7%). Early speech development was slower among the boys than among the girls. The proportion of children with articulatory errors decreased from 32.5% at the age of 5 years to 18.4% at 7 years and 7.4% at 9 years, and the boys had more articulation problems than the girls. Errors in two or more sounds at school age were rare, and more than 90% of all errors were in the sounds /r/ and /s/. About one fourth of the girls (26.7%) and one sixth of the boys (18.1%) had gained preschool literacy; 2.9% of the girls and 6.6% of the boys were still not able to read fluently by the middle of the fourth term. The difference between the sexes was seen both in the early development of speech and articulatory problems and in literacy at the age of 9.

ISSN:1021-7762    

DOI:10.1159/000266368

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1995

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

The author investigated the subclinical tremor on the extremity muscles in stutterers at rest, without speaking. This tremor occurred in the native EMG record from the musculus abductor digiti quinti during isometric contraction. Because it occurred in a muscle not involved in speaking and moreover at rest, without speaking, the author excludes the possibility that it could be an increase in the amplitude of physiological tremor; she concludes that the cause of this tremor are changes in the function of the structures responsible for motor feedback, especially in the extrapyramidal and cerebellar field.

ISSN:1021-7762    

DOI:10.1159/000266369

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1995

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

The glottal resistance, i.e. the ratio of subglottic pressure to glottal flow, and the laryngeal efficiency, i.e. the ratio of oral acoustic power to aerodynamic subglottal power (multiplication ofsubglottig pressure and glottal flow), were measured for 11 subjects (3 males) with normal voices and for 1 female patient with glottal insufficiency in the repeated production of the nonsense word /paappa/ immediately before and after 1 min of vocal exercising with /β:, m:/ and phonation into a narrow glass tube. For the subjects with normal voices the glottal resistance decreased in most cases and the laryngeal efficiency in half of the cases due to increased glottal flow. In contrast, for the patient the glottal resistance and efficiency increased due to decreased glottal flow. The results suggest that the vocal exercises instantly affected the control of the glottal width

ISSN:1021-7762    

DOI:10.1159/000266370

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1995

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Phonation into narrow glass tubes has been used as a voice training method. The present study examined phonatory and voice quality during and after tube phonation. The methods used were (a) electromyography with surface electrodes, (b) a dual-channel electroglottography from which the vertical larynx position was derived and (c) inverse filtering of the acoustic signal of vowel samples produced before and immediately after the exercise. Phonation into a tube seemed to cause a tendency to heighten the vertical laryngeal position. For female subjects (n = 3) the tube exercise tended to lead to increased vocal effort in vowel production after the exercise and, in contrast, to a tendency for a more relaxed voice production for the males (n = 2).

ISSN:1021-7762    

DOI:10.1159/000266371

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1995

数据来源: Karger

ISSN:1021-7762    

DOI:10.1159/000266372

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1995

数据来源: Karger

ISSN:1021-7762    

DOI:10.1159/000266373

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1995

数据来源: Karger

ISSN:1021-7762    

DOI:10.1159/000266374

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1995

数据来源: Karger

ISSN:1021-7762    

DOI:10.1159/000266375

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1995

数据来源: Karger

ISSN:1021-7762    

DOI:10.1159/000266376

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1995

数据来源: Karger