ISSN:1021-7762    

DOI:10.1159/000266420

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1996

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

In children with specific language impairment (SLI) their problems are supposed to be specifically restricted to language. However, both on a theoretical basis as well as on a practical basis it is often difficult to make a sharp distinction between specific and nonspecific language disorders. In a three-step study we found in the first place that in a group of children with supposed SLI (n = 319), after multidisciplinary examination, only in 25% of the cases the diagnosis SLI was correct. Secondly we found that after a period of time children with correctly diagnosed SLI showed problems with attention, motor functioning and school achievement. Thirdly we found that the learning difficulties of the children were related to their previous language problems. We hypothesize that SLI is less specific than is generally assumed. It could be a part of a neuropsychological ‘syndrome’ in which neurological maturation is jeopardi

ISSN:1021-7762    

DOI:10.1159/000266421

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1996

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Patients who undergo osteotomy experience a radical change in the skeletal relationship between the mandible and maxilla and as yet little is known about how this affects speech articulation. This study investigated the extent to which articulatory placement for the lingual consonant /s/ changed following surgery. Using the technique of electropalatography and acoustic analysis, patients’ productions of fricative sounds were recorded before and after osteotomy. Five patients were investigated, 3 with mandibular prognathism and 2 with maxillary protrusion. Results showed that there were significant changes in articulatory placement after the operation, and that these were correlated with an acoustic measure (CPF). The direction of change could be predicted on the basis of the type of operation undergone, and these changes were maintained 6 months post-operatively. The implications of the findings are discusse

ISSN:1021-7762    

DOI:10.1159/000266422

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1996

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Der natürliche Spracherwerbsprozess ist bei hörgestörten Kindern beeinträchtigt, wobei prälingual hörgeschädigte Kinder das Lexikon der gesprochenen Sprache nicht nur zeitlich verzögert, sondern auch defizitär erwerben sollen. Es wurden daher zwei Inanspruchnahmepopulationen 2- bis 5jähriger Kinder (N = 110 sprachentwicklungsgestörte mit Normakusis, N = 34 beidseitig schallempfindungsgestörte mit binauraler Hörgeräteversorgung) mit einer unausgelesenen Stichprobe von 66 hör- und sprachunauffälligen Kindergartenkindern hinsichtlich ihres aktiven Wortschatzumfangs verglichen. Bei alien Gruppen wurde testpsychologisch vorab eine mindestens durchschnittliche nonverbale Intelligenz nachgewiesen; die Zweijährigen konnten wegen fehlender Normen nicht getestet werden. Die beiden klinischen Stichproben unterschieden sich in ihrem aktiven Wortschatzumfang voneinander kaum, wohl aber von dem der normalen Kinder. Die Ergebnisse werden auf dem Hintergrund von Grad und Entstehungszeitpünkt der Hörstörung sowie Kindergartenbesuch diskutiert. Die spezifísche Sprachentwicklungsstörung stellt eine tiefergreifende kognitive Entwicklungsstörung dar als die Sprachentwicklungsstörung infolge binauraler Schallempfindungs-Schwerhörigkeit bei Kindern. Hieraus resultiert die Forderung nach einer möglichst frühen fachs

ISSN:1021-7762    

DOI:10.1159/000266423

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1996

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

A proper classification of voice pathology is required for didactic reasons, and also to assist a clinician in establishing the ‘primary diagnosis’, i.e., an initial voice disorder in a particular patient. In spite of a frequent etiologic overlapping between organic and functional voice disorders, it is useful to keep these two basic pathologic categories in clinical practice. A revised clinical classification of voice disorders is suggested, including several newly described voice disturbances. These are the syndrome of inappropriate vocal pitch (organic), psychogenic superimposition and false placement of the voice (function

ISSN:1021-7762    

DOI:10.1159/000266424

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1996

数据来源: Karger

ISSN:1021-7762    

DOI:10.1159/000266425

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1996

数据来源: Karger

ISSN:1021-7762    

DOI:10.1159/000266426

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1996

数据来源: Karger

ISSN:1021-7762    

DOI:10.1159/000266427

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1996

数据来源: Karger

ISSN:1021-7762    

DOI:10.1159/000266428

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1996

数据来源: Karger

ISSN:1021-7762    

DOI:10.1159/000266429

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1996

数据来源: Karger