摘要:

The role of parents in the development of the communicative competence of their children has been of growing interest to researchers and practitioners in the field of speech and language therapy. Researchers have attempted to define and test specific hypotheses regarding the nature and degree of the influence of parental interaction styles upon the developing child’s pragmatic skills. The literature includes studies regarding normal children and those with speech and language impairments. Practitioners have endeavoured to move towards a firmer framework of partnership with parents which will ultimately be of benefit to children with speech and language impairments and their familie

ISSN:1021-7762    

DOI:10.1159/000266347

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1995

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Normal swallowing consists of a set of physiologic behaviors which result in food, liquid or other substances moving safely and efficiently from the mouth to the stomach. Dysphagic patients may have difficulty with any one or more of the anatomic or physiologic components of the oral, pharyngeal or esophageal stages of the swallow. Evaluation of the dysphagic patient should identify the anatomic or physiologic abnormalities characterizing the patient’s swallow and include introduction and assessment of the efficacy of treatment strategies. Treatment may involve compensatory management, such as postural changes or enhancing sensory input, or active muscle exercise with or without the introduction of food. Speech-language pathologists have taken the lead in research on normal swallow and evaluation and treatment strategies for dysphagi

ISSN:1021-7762    

DOI:10.1159/000266348

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1995

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Augmentative and alternative communication (AAC) for severely communicationally impaired people has developed with input from clinicians, users and their families, manufacturers, and researchers. A number of users of AAC are now internationally known figures. The increasing power and decreasing size and cost of computer-based technology continually offer new possibilities for improving AAC systems. It is important that such systems take into account the real needs of users, and the complex nature of human communication. It is also important to realize that AAC development is not a technical question alone. Many effective techniques do not involve sophisticated technology, and the provision of AAC for those who need it is often a matter of policy implementation rather than technical development. AAC is a new and exciting field. It is one which offers many challenges to all those associated with it. The benefits, however, are enormous. In order to advance the field increased international cooperation is required with respect to interventions, technologies, policies and services.

ISSN:1021-7762    

DOI:10.1159/000266349

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1995

数据来源: Karger