摘要:

The ectodermally derived Schneiderian mucosa gives rise to an extremely varied collection of benign and malignant neoplasms. Prototypical of these are the Schneiderian papillomas (inverted, fungiform, and cylindrical cell) and their malignant counterparts. Human papilloma virus (HPV) is currently the leading candidate as a cofactor in the pathogenesis of the papillomas. Carcinomas arise in association with the papillomas in about a 10% frequency. The carcinomas may be synchronous or metachronous. Recurrences of the papillomas are the bane of surgeons. The magnitude of the recurrences is directly proportional to the completeness of removal with the best results obtained by techniques that afford the best operative exposure. A comparison of results by different surgical procedures is presented. Histologic features sought to predict recurrences or malignant transformation have, by and large, not been helpful. Keratinization and hyperkeratosis in papillomas, however, are suggested to be sufficiently ominous as to warrant further study.

ISSN:1072-4109    

出版商:OVID    

年代:2001

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Sentinel lymph node (SLN) biopsy is an exciting and promising new addition to surgical management and pathologic evaluation of breast cancer. Sentinel nodes are more likely to contain metastases than nonsentinel nodes providing an opportunity to more accurately stage breast cancer patients. In the future, surgical management of the axilla may be approached as a staged procedure, perhaps eliminating axillary dissection in SLN-negative patients, should clinical trials demonstrate the safety of this approach. The advent of SLN biopsy has propelled an old question back to the forefront of clinical investigation: do occult metastases in lymph nodes have prognostic, predictive, and clinical significance? This article provides one opinion and a review on the pathology and future of SLN biopsy in breast cancer. Practicing pathologists will need to stay abreast of the issues and facts in order to participate in the debate and shape the future of pathologic management of sentinel nodes.

ISSN:1072-4109    

出版商:OVID    

年代:2001

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Skeletal vascular tumors composed of epithelioid endothelial cells commonly result in diagnostic difficulty. Although tumors with this morphology have been recognized for many years, there is a considerable degree of confusion regarding their nomenclature and classification. In this article what is believed to represent the morphologic features of this family of tumors is outlined, the historical context of epithelioid endothelial tumors is briefly discussed, and pertinent literature and texts pertaining to the subject is reviewed. It is proposed that the osseous epithelioid endothelial tumors should be classified in a similar manner to their soft tissue counterparts and it is suggested that this approach should help to clarify the confusion surrounding this subject of surgical pathology.

ISSN:1072-4109    

出版商:OVID    

年代:2001

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The current prevention of cervical cancer and elimination of its precursors is predicated on the identification of cervical cytologic abnormalities and their histologic confirmation. This strategy, although effective, depends on both sensitivity and specificity of cytology and precise histologic distinction between precursor lesions and their mimics during biopsy interpretation. The effective application of diagnostic criteria is operator dependent and varies as a function of experience and training. However, because human papilloma viruses (HPV) are causative agents and alter the cell cycle in cervical neoplasms, host genes interacting directly or indirectly with HPV oncoproteins have been identifiedin vitro. Recent research has centered on identifying the host genes upregulated in association with HPV infection, determining their suitability as “surrogate markers” for HPV infection, and using these markers to identify HPV-associated epithelial lesions in tissue or cytologic specimens. This review surveys recent advances in this field, summarizing the advantages and limitations of several candidate biomarkers, including PCNA, Ki-67, cyclin E, p16ink4, MN antigen, carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), and telomerase in the recognition of preinvasive cervical neoplasia, and discusses their future potential in cervical cancer screening. Based on current studies, the strongest candidates for diagnosis and screening are p16 and cyclin E (squamous) and MN (glandular) biomarkers. As new genes are identified and tested, the concept of biomarkers as tools in primary screening and lesion recognition will continue to mature.

ISSN:1072-4109    

出版商:OVID    

年代:2001

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The use of endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine needle aspiration is expanding rapidly in many centers. This method can be used to produce aspirate specimens from masses in the pancreas, liver, retroperitoneum, adrenals, and mediastinum, as well as mural nodules in the upper gastrointestinal tract. As application of this method continues to grow, it is reasonable to expect that the demand for cytologic diagnosis of gastrointestinal stromal tumors will increase. In this commentary, the cytologic presentation of one such case is offered. This is used to illustrate the clinical, immunohistochemical, and molecular biologic features that are used to suggest the prognosis of a given lesion.

ISSN:1072-4109    

出版商:OVID    

年代:2001

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Clear cell sarcoma of the kidney is the most frequently misdiagnosed renal tumor in children. The majority of tumors present the classic histologic pattern, which allows a definitive diagnosis. However, there are unusual cases with lack of “clear” appearance of tumor cells, predominance or exclusive presence of variant histologic patterns, and presence of “neoplastic” appearing entrapped tubules. Furthermore, a small biopsy specimen may not show the classic histologic pattern. These tumors present a diagnostic challenge for the practicing pathologist who should be aware of the deviations from the classic histologic features in order to make a correct diagnosis.

ISSN:1072-4109    

出版商:OVID    

年代:2001

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:1072-4109    

出版商:OVID    

年代:2001

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:1072-4109    

出版商:OVID    

年代:2001

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:1072-4109    

出版商:OVID    

年代:2001

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:1072-4109    

出版商:OVID    

年代:2001

数据来源: OVID