摘要:

Over the past 6 years, molecular genetic studies have significantly advanced our understanding of pediatric renal neoplasms. The cellular variant of congenital mesoblastic nephroma (but not the classic variant) has been shown to bear the same t(12;15)(p13;q25) andETV6-NTRK3gene fusion as infantile fibrosarcoma, a tumor with which it shares morphologic and clinical features. Rhabdoid tumor of the kidney is characterized by deletion of thehSNF5/INI1gene, which links it to other rhabdoid tumors of infancy that arise in the soft tissue and brain. Primary renal synovial sarcomas and renal primitive neuroectodermal tumors have become accepted entities, and likely comprise a subset of what had previously been termed “adult Wilms tumor.” Renal carcinomas associated with Xp11.2 translocations that result in fusions involving theTFE3transcription factor gene have been delineated, including a distinctive neoplasm that shares the identical gene fusion as alveolar soft part sarcoma. Most recently, a distinctive type of renal neoplasm with a t(6;11)(p21;q12) has been described, and the cloning of the resulting gene fusion links it to the Xp11 translocation carcinomas. Together, these last two translocation-associated tumors represent a significant proportion of pediatric renal cell carcinomas. This review highlights each of these recent advances.

ISSN:1072-4109    

出版商:OVID    

年代:2003

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Tide and ebb of interest in gastrointestinal tract cytology has followed technical advances in this field over the last 60 years. Cytologic samples can be obtained using gastric lavage, abrasive balloons, mucosal brushing, and fine needle aspiration (under percutaneous image guidance, endoscope and endoscopic ultrasound guidance). These advances now allow simultaneous performance of brushing the abnormal mucosa, obtaining fine needle aspirates and excising mucosal biopsy samples for evaluation. Use of endoscopic ultrasound guided fine needle aspirates now help to obtain diagnosis of submucosal lesions, preoperative staging of gastrointestinal tract malignancies and help determine further management of patients. Such advances have brought pathologists to the forefront of the patient management team for the treatment of gastrointestinal tract lesions. This manuscript reviews the advantages and limitations of each cytology associated technique as well as reviews the salient diagnostic features, differential diagnosis and diagnostic pitfalls of gastrointestinal tract lesions. Finally, it suggests the modalities best suited to obtain diagnosis for various gastrointestinal tract lesions.

ISSN:1072-4109    

出版商:OVID    

年代:2003

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Geno-phenotypic patterns of pre-invasive and invasive lobular breast cancers and infiltrating ductal carcinomas of low, intermediate, and high grade are reviewed. One of the main differences between lobular breast cancers and ductal carcinomas is the presence of inactivating E-cadherin gene mutations in lobular breast cancers. In many other respects, lobular breast cancers and low-grade ductal carcinomas exhibit similar geno-phenotypic profiles. The development of p53 dysfunction may be a hallmark of infiltrating ductal cancers of intermediate and high grade. Sequential Her-2/neu and ras abnormalities define a subset of aggressive high-grade tumors, and the development of Rb dysfunction may define a separate subset of aggressive ductal cancers. Based on these observations, a branching molecular evolutionary model for the development and progression of breast cancer is proposed.

ISSN:1072-4109    

出版商:OVID    

年代:2003

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:1072-4109    

出版商:OVID    

年代:2003

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:1072-4109    

出版商:OVID    

年代:2003

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:1072-4109    

出版商:OVID    

年代:2003

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:1072-4109    

出版商:OVID    

年代:2003

数据来源: OVID