摘要:

AbstractBy comparing existing studies and additional scenario calculations it was shown that energy data plays a central role in environmental life cycle assessments (LCA) of packaging materials. More attention should be paid to correctly linking environmental data from energy studies to packaging LCA, if possible adapting the data base to the local conditions. In general terms, it was shown that it is possible to calculate energy and packaging systems separately, because of the predominantly static links between the two. Scenario calculations show that the potential for reducing the environmental impact of packaging production by the use of cleaner energies is still considerable.

ISSN:0894-3214    

DOI:10.1002/pts.2770070602

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0894-3214    

DOI:10.1002/pts.2770070603

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractIn this study, the effect of a vegetable oil on the oxygen barrier properties of different polymer packaging materials [i.e. amorphous polyethylene terephtalate (APET), polypropylene (PP) and high density polyethylene (HDPE)] was investigated. The influence of both relative humidity and the combination of relative humidity and sorbed oil on the oxygen transmission rate (OTR) was studied. Regardless of the relative humidity, the APET film remained an excellent oxygen barrier even after storage in rapeseed oil for 40 days. An increased OTR was observed in both the PP and HDPE films stored for 40 days in rapeseed oil. The OTR of the HDPE films was altered to a much greater extent than the OTR of the PP film. The OTR of the HDPE film was also significantly increased for films stored for 20 days in rapeseed oil. The increase in OTR of an HDPE film stored for 40 days in rapeseed oil was between 36 and 44%, depending on the relative humidity, compared to the OTR through the virginal polymer. The amount of oil sorbed by the polymer films used decreased in the following order: HDPE ≫ APET>P

ISSN:0894-3214    

DOI:10.1002/pts.2770070604

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThis investigation examined a proposed method to provide a reliable and reproducible test to measure and evaluate the virtual surface and virtual volume resistance of packaging materials used to protect products from electrostatic discharge. The method also tests the ability of materials to dissipate electric charge as a result of conductivity between two points on the same side of a surface or on opposite sides of that material. The measurements provide a means to compare different materials and their ability to protect products from electrostatic discharge.The study found that the LDPE extruded foam cushion showed the highest virtual surface resistance, followed by the nylon/PE laminate, HDPE and LDPE air‐cell bubblewrap material teste

ISSN:0894-3214    

DOI:10.1002/pts.2770070605

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe draft European Commission directive on packaging and packaging waste sets ambitious targets for recovery and states that recycle must contribute an important part of recovery. To meet these targets, there will inevitably be pressure to recycle plastics back into food contact uses. This legislative driving force is coupled with considerable consumer pressure. However, it must be accepted that there will be many, perhaps even a majority, of food applications where recycle or re‐use of plastics is not desirable and these plastics must be put to alternative uses. Protection of the environment must not be at the expense of public health. This paper outlines the issues involved and describes a multi‐centre European project that aims to define criteria to ensure the quality and safety‐in‐use of recovered plastics for food

ISSN:0894-3214    

DOI:10.1002/pts.2770070606

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0894-3214    

DOI:10.1002/pts.2770070607

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0894-3214    

DOI:10.1002/pts.2770070608

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0894-3214    

DOI:10.1002/pts.2770070609

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0894-3214    

DOI:10.1002/pts.2770070601

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY