ISSN:0894-3214    

DOI:10.1002/pts.2770060203

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe packging industry seals mainly with heat‐contact (HC) techniques, but is using ultrasonic (US) techniques more and more. Less widely practiced are high‐frequency (HF), which are used in only a few cases.High‐frequency techniques have two different working principles: the dielectric principle and the inductive principle. The dielectric principle was first applied in manufacturing plastic (particularly PVC) clothing, while the inductive principle is used in the heating of metals in a high‐frequency electric field, for instance in hardening and refining steel. Nowadays, these techniques are often used in the automobile, clothing, and pharmaceutical industries, and in manufacturing office equipment and sports articles.The Swiss Packaging Institute (SVI) and EMPA have recently started a research project on this subject that will study potential examples of the application of these techniques in modern packaging. The preliminary study of the literature is now completed and is report

ISSN:0894-3214    

DOI:10.1002/pts.2770060204

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractA new calculation model for estimating changes in gas composition and volume of gas‐flushed pouches was proposed and discussed.Changes in the gas composition and volume of polyethylene pouches filled with oxygen or nitrogen were successfully demonstrated by the postulated calculation model during storage. The simple method for measuring oxygen and nitrogen permeabilities of plastic film by calculation from the change in oxygen partial pressure of a nitrogen‐flushed pouch was also proposed. The method was found to be useful through comparison with data by the Ox‐tran m

ISSN:0894-3214    

DOI:10.1002/pts.2770060205

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThis study aims to develop a strategic information system applied to packaging design. Previously, we could not computerize the whole packaging design process because:(i)The safety factors with respect to the various environmental conditions of distribution had not been determined accurately(ii)The pallet loading pattern could not be found by means of computational algorithms approximating the judgment of expert operators(iii)There were no methods for inputting data except through the keyboardAs described in this report, we derived the degradation factor concerning the actual compressive strength through various experiments and structured a rulebase using specialized deductions based on the intuition and long years of experience of our engineers. The results of this study show that it is now possible to develop a strategic information system applied to packaging design, combining the database, production‐rule‐based systems for pallet loading pattern, compressive strength analysis and barcode sys

ISSN:0894-3214    

DOI:10.1002/pts.2770060206

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe development of a permeation measurement cell based on the classical principle of permanent gas permeation testing, according to Barrer, and application of a practical procedure for permeant adsorption and subsequent gas chromatographic determination is described. For validation of the method, the permeation of d‐limonene across a biaxially oriented polypropylene film (BOPP) was measured and the results were compared with those obtained according to the pouch method and with permeation data from the literature. The applicability and high sensitivity of the test method was demonstrated by measuring limonene permeation through an acrylic‐coated BOPP film and a polyethylene terephthalate (PET) film and using permeants of different polarity and volatility, i.e. menthol and citronellol. From the results obtained from the uncoated and from the acrylic‐coated OPP films, the permeation and diffusion coefficients of the acrylic barrier layer were calculated and shown to be three to four logarithmic orders of magnitude smaller than those of

ISSN:0894-3214    

DOI:10.1002/pts.2770060207

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractIn this paper a theoretical model is described for the UN leakproofness test, which is one of the test methods of the UN test programme for the type testing of packaging for liquids for the transport of dangerous goods. The test is also required for every single packaging produced. Quantification was thought necessary in order to be able to evaluate production line leakproofness test methods which should be as effective.The model was verified with an experimental programme which was performed with leaks of the pinhole type.The results show that the process of bubble formation and flow of the UN leakproofness test method can be modelled assuming laminar flow and taking into account capillary pressure and bubble frequency. For a leak of the pinhole type and a realistic set of parameters the detection limit of the method can be indicated as being in the order of 20 μm of hole diameter.It is discussed whether analysis of the concept of leakproofness testing might be necessary

ISSN:0894-3214    

DOI:10.1002/pts.2770060208

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0894-3214    

DOI:10.1002/pts.2770060202

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY