摘要:

AbstractFood packaging plays an important role in carrying food and drink from production sites to the consumers, and environmental aspects of this packaging receive considerable attention. As the functions of packaging are derived from the actual food requirements, environmental aspects of packaging should be compared with those of the food for a balanced optimization of environmental impact. The outcome of such combined analysis is illustrated with a macroscale analysis of the actual food supply situation in The Netherlands. An ‘overall’ survey of this system is used to indicate important interrelations between the subsystems and to estimate the order of magnitude of the environmental impact of each part of the system. The major environmental effects of the total food supply system and both impact and influence of the packaging subsystem are quantified in mass and energy terms. It is concluded that more attention should be given to matching the actual and varied demand of different size consumption groups, and suggestions are given for effective incorporation of environmental constraints into product development and packaging des

ISSN:0894-3214    

DOI:10.1002/pts.2770070302

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractSimulation is a problem‐solving technique that requires the creation of a mathematical model for a real‐life system. This allows experimentation on that model such that answers to ‘what if’ questions can be provided. The mathematical relationships and constraints that define the behaviour of a packaging line are relatively easy to derive but difficult to optimize. This results from the stochastic behaviour of most packaging lines and means that simulation becomes the preferred problem‐solving technique. This paper shows a specification of requirements that was prepared to develop software that overcomes the limitations found in currently available programs. It also shows the development of new software designed specifically for high‐speed packaging lines. This software has been created and used to simulate a wide variety of packaging lines. It was found capable of delivering efficiency gains o

ISSN:0894-3214    

DOI:10.1002/pts.2770070303

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractIn Europe, the substances used for the manufacture of plastic materials intended to come in contact with food have to belong to a positive list. The data requested for assessing these substances are specified by the Scientific Committee for Food (SCF) in the Practical Guide of the European Commission (EC).This review shows how this document contributes to preserving consumer health on the basis of chemical information. Some practical examples are treated to illustrate the approach of the SCF to protect consumer safety.

ISSN:0894-3214    

DOI:10.1002/pts.2770070304

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractA rapid and easy analysis method for polymers is presented. The method involves sample preparation by SFE, separation of the extracted compounds by SFC and simultaneous quantitative detection by FID, as well as identification of unknowns by MS. The applications illustrate how structural research work and routine polymer analysis can be done with this time saving method.

ISSN:0894-3214    

DOI:10.1002/pts.2770070305

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0894-3214    

DOI:10.1002/pts.2770070306

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0894-3214    

DOI:10.1002/pts.2770070307

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0894-3214    

DOI:10.1002/pts.2770070308

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0894-3214    

DOI:10.1002/pts.2770070301

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY