ISSN:0894-3214    

DOI:10.1002/pts.2770040302

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractA theme interview study technique was used to investigate the requirements of institutional kitchens on packages. The interviewees included experts in the food and packaging industries as well as workers in staff restaurants and school dining rooms. Packages containing milk, juice, vegetables and convenience food products were studied.This study shows that the packages did not always function in a satisfactory way. The biggest problem seemed to be the weight of the package and the opening mechanism. The workers are mainly female and therefore 20 kg is too heavy for lifting. It is also important that the package can be disposed of easily. A good package is easy to open and reclose. Reclosing, in particular, proved to be problematic. It is important that the package can be reclosed properly. A problem with packages filled with convenience food is that they are often too full and the food boils over hen heated.

ISSN:0894-3214    

DOI:10.1002/pts.2770040303

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractA method that utilizes permeation cells in conjunction with gas chromatography was developed to measure permeation ofd‐limonene vapour through packaging materials at very low gradient concentrations. The same method, when properly adjusted, can be used to determine the effect of temperature and relative humidity on permeation.The suitability of the method for its intended use was demonstrated by generating permeation data for polyester (Mylar) and oriented polypropylene (OPP) films atd‐limonene vapour concentration gradients as low as 0.54 ppm. The ability to measure permeability at such low concentration levels, where the permeability coefficient approaches a virtually constant value, is of considerable importance. The permeation behaviour of packaging materials at even lower concentrations, most typical of foods, can be obtained by extrapolation. Thus, flavour loss through the package and shelf‐life can be estimated in a more reliable m

ISSN:0894-3214    

DOI:10.1002/pts.2770040304

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractA mathematical method to establish the optimum relationships between geometrical dimensions of containers is outlined, comprising several shapes and fabrication processes of packages. The relationship between dimensions settles one priority for the cost of packaging material used, given a fixed volume of product to be packed.The method employs the minimization of a function of geometric variables. The function minimized is directly related to the amount of packaging material used to fabricate the packaging item. Two examples of the application of the method are shown to illustrate the procedure, and a list of the optimum relationships between the dimensions of several shapes of containers is presented. This procedure is of primary importance for packaging designers and requires some knowledge of differential calculus.

ISSN:0894-3214    

DOI:10.1002/pts.2770040305

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe rapid advance of computerization in industrial package design has led to a strong tendency toward CAD/CAM systems using personal computers for quick design and trial manufacturing.New tools based on a database of the cushioning properties of packaging materials will be needed for the design of package cushioning.Using a compression testing machine with computer control, an attempt has been made to construct such a database with registered characteristics for 47 samples of foamed polyethylene, foamed polypropylene and foamed polyethylene‐polystyrene.This database offers the following functions and is recorded on floppy disk:(i) calculation of static cushioning properties (value);(ii) print‐out of the computed results;(iii) drawing characteristic figures for designing package cushioning;(iv) indicating optimum value of static cushioning properties;(v) additional registration of new samp

ISSN:0894-3214    

DOI:10.1002/pts.2770040306

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThis study was undertaken to determine the gas transmission properties of three polyvinyl chloride (PVC) films mostly used as overwrap for fresh produce under subambient and ambient conditions (5–40°C). Three different kinds of curves or groups of data are presented: gas transmission rates, activation energy measurements and the permeability coefficient. Hydrophobic by nature, the PVCs are not affected in their gas transmission properties (O2, CO2) by the moisture level. Reliable gas transmission data were obtained with method variability (≤9%) over a wide range of temperature. Regression constants, activation energies for prediction equations and permeability ratios (CO2/O2) are presented for the three films. Greater uniformity in test procedures, and the presentation of permeability data normalized to 1 μm instead of 1 mil would simplify comparative studies within and between countries, laboratory services and from the scientific literature. More research is needed to study the wide variety of polymers available under subambient condi

ISSN:0894-3214    

DOI:10.1002/pts.2770040307

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0894-3214    

DOI:10.1002/pts.2770040308

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractDifferent types of polystyrene packaging material were tested for styrene monomer migration into corn oil using three sampling methods: immersion sampling, vapour phase sampling and utilization of sampling cells. For high‐impact‐grade polystyrene, immersion sampling resulted in the highest level of migrated styrene monomer. Vapour phase sampling was of considerable interest, because migration was only slightly lower than with immersion sampling. Sampling cells gave the lowest levels of styrene monomer in oil. However, when clear crystal polystyrene was tested, little difference was found between the three sampling meth

ISSN:0894-3214    

DOI:10.1002/pts.2770040309

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0894-3214    

DOI:10.1002/pts.2770040310

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0894-3214    

DOI:10.1002/pts.2770040301

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY