摘要:

Researchers and clinicians can create a unique collaboration through which to address the problem of brain injury. The article describes the patterns of brain injury occurrence and identifies problems in population-based brain injury research. On the basis of population data and a few clearly delineated assumptions, service needs are projected for a community of 1 million residents.

ISSN:0885-9701    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1991

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Modern head protection has evolved historically from items primarily for ornamentation to helmets that can substantially reduce the incidence of severe injury or death when the head is subjected to impact. The development of increasingly sophisticated materials and techniques of manufacture, application of engineering principles and knowledge of mechanisms of brain injury, and understanding of impact energy handling have contributed to this achievement. Awareness of the increased risks of severe brain injury as a consequence of daily activities results in increased demand for more and better head protection. Performance standards for helmets have been developed by three major groups in this country. Snell, ANSI, and DOT Standards are discussed and compared, and test techniques described. The authors share their opinions on what future behaviors are necessary to increase the effectiveness of available head protection.

ISSN:0885-9701    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1991

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Motorcycle injuries are a major cause of morbidity and mortality, particularly among adolescents and young adults. The authors linked data from two different sources, the Fatal Accident Reporting System and the Multiple Cause of Death (death certificate) file, describing all motorcyclist fatalities in California in 1987 and 1988. The utility of this linkage was compromised by inadequate reporting of helmet use and by the high proportion (40%) of death certificates that listed no specific injury types. Nonetheless, these data confirmed that helmet use protects against head injury. Several personal and environmental characteristics, including seating position and speed limit, were associated with the probability of helmet use.

ISSN:0885-9701    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1991

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Firearm-related head injuries are in many ways distinct from those caused by other means. The great majority of these injuries result from intentional violence. They are severe, with case-to-fatality ratios being higher than for any other common form of head injury. Although substantial progress has been made in understanding the epidemiology, mechanism, and outcome of these injuries, there has been little improvement in treatment. Many prevention strategies, such as helmet use, work quite well for other head injuries but are not viable options in this case. Effective prevention of these Injuries must focus on limiting both the availability of firearms and the incentives for their use.

ISSN:0885-9701    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1991

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Alcohol use plays a role in a substantial percentage of head injuries. The past decade has witnessed the rise of a significant public health movement to prevent alcohol-related injuries. This movement calls attention to the environment in which alcohol use occurs, including the institutions and regulatory and legislative structures that promote high-risk use of alcohol. Taxation, advertising, and physical availability policies are all targets of alcohol policy reform efforts. This article describes the research basis for the new approach, why health professionals should become involved, and the new skills that health professionals will need.

ISSN:0885-9701    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1991

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Law is one of the most effective tools of Injury prevention. Legislation, regulation, and litigation have all been used successfully to reduce the toll of injuries. The article examines the full range of the law as it has been used to prevent injuries associated with all-terrain vehicles. The rise in popularity of such vehicles, the realization of the Injuries associated with their use, and the law's response to their hazards provide a valuable case study of how the various aspects of the law can be used as tools for injury prevention.

ISSN:0885-9701    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1991

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Life experience permits survivors of serious injury to speak with authority about the injury problem. Training in the principles of injury control can provide selected survivors with the tools to be powerful advocates for effective injury prevention strategies. Other survivors may contribute to injury prevention in ways appropriate to their individual abilities and interests.

ISSN:0885-9701    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1991

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Head Injuries are costly in terms of lives lost, productivity losses, and health care expenditures. The article develops an economic model that is used to estimate the lifetime cost of all head injuries sustained in 1985 that resulted in hospitalization or death. Included are the costs of medical services, productivity lost because of illness and disability, and mortality costs resulting from premature death. These estimates are presented by age, gender, and severity of injury. The cost of head Injuries is compared with the cost of all injuries. The need for better data on the incidence, health care needs, and service utilization of head. Injured persons is noted.

ISSN:0885-9701    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1991

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

In the study discussed In this article, appropriateness In conversations with a research assistant was examined in closed head Injured (CHI) adults and compared with normal subjects. Utterances of a speakerinitiator were designated asobliges(those that clearly summon or demand a response) orcomments(those that do not). A differential response to these initiatives described whether the speaker was appropriately extending the conversation. Utterances of a speaker-responder were evaluated on a scale of appropriateness (adequate plus, adequate, inadequate, ambiguous). Results indicated that the two subject groups could be distinguished on the basis of (1) the CHI subjects' greater number of turns per conversation, (2) the research assistant's higher percentage of obliges in conversations with the CHI subjects, and (3) the quality of speaker responses.

ISSN:0885-9701    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1991

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0885-9701    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1991

数据来源: OVID