摘要:

Empirical investigation of the degree to which testing predicts children's real-world functioning following traumatic brain injury (TBI) is sparse. This article reviews the research in neuropsychology, which offers only moderate correlations between test scores and everyday functioning. This line of research is hindered by several methodological issues: difficulty translating performance on standardized testing into real-world capacities, measurement of real-world functioning, developmental factors, and the influence of intervening variables in the natural environment. Ecologically valid assessment may require multiple data sources. More research is needed to respond effectively to questions about children's everyday functioning after traumatic brain injury.

ISSN:0885-9701    

出版商:OVID    

年代:2000

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Objective:To illustrate the importance of environmental factors for optimizing return to work following traumatic brain injury (TBI) using illustrative case examples.Design and Participants:Three case studies are presented that were selected from an overall sample of 57 TBI survivors.Setting:Postacute, outpatient TBI rehabilitation program.Main Outcome Measures:Outcome was essentially descriptive and focused on factors associated with successful return to work.Results and Conclusions:These case examples point out the necessity of specialized treatment that not only focuses on the specific strengths and weakness of the individual, but also on extant environmental factors, including degree of structure or distractions that either reinforce or preclude optimal performance.

ISSN:0885-9701    

出版商:OVID    

年代:2000

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

A treatment model is described that has as its primary focus reducing the level of handicap of individuals with traumatic brain injury (TBI) by addressing the interaction between critical environmental variables and areas of deficit. The model focuses on two primary environmental variables—degree of distraction tolerated and degree of structure required by each individual to function optimally. These variables are systematically addressed in treatment through environmental simulations within the clinic. An outcome measurement system (Pate Environmentally Relevant Program Outcome System [PERPOS]) is presented that quantifies the level of handicap throughout treatment and at discharge as a function of the interplay between deficit and environment. Data are provided that validate the PERPOS scores through comparison with qualitative descriptors of day-to-day functioning in several domains. Outcome data indicate the participants in this treatment model made significant gains with regard to reduction of handicap.

ISSN:0885-9701    

出版商:OVID    

年代:2000

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The relationships among neuropsychological assessment, situational assessment, and judgments of future employability in 127 survivors of moderate to severe closed head injury were evaluated. Participants received a comprehensive neuropsychological battery and a situational vocational evaluation. Two groups were created, based on employment recommendation from the situational evaluation. A seven-factor model was found to account for the preponderance of variance within the neuropsychological battery used, and one factor was predictive of group assignment from situational assessment. However, the present data reinforce the predominance of findings in the literature that indicate that, in general, no individual neuropsychological test can be used to predict vocational performance in more environmentally relevant environments. Exceptions to this “rule” may occur when comparisons between results of formal neuropsychological tests and situational evaluation are limited to very simple, very circumscribed, and/or very well-defined functions. Thus, situational assessment is seen as a critical adjunct to neuropsychological assessment in making “real-world” predictions. The particular situational assessment used in this study was internally valid, an important finding given the importance of situational assessment in ecologically valid predictions.

ISSN:0885-9701    

出版商:OVID    

年代:2000

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Individuals who have acquired brain injury (ABI) may express themselves through the use of challenging behaviors, such as aggression, withdrawal, disinhibition, and self-destructive behaviors. This article describes the effectiveness of behavior interventions derived from the assessment of behavior in a community-based setting. The premise is that behavior, no matter how difficult, has function, purpose, and meaning for the individual. A therapeutic model of behavior assessment is presented that bases its strength on behavior assessment and well-trained staff. A well-formulated behavior management plan is developed, reinforcing alternative behaviors teaching skills, and reducing unwanted behaviors. Through the use of data collection methods, the treatment team identifies variables related to unwanted behavior and outcomes of consequences as they relate to the behavior. Illustrated through a case study, the behavioral treatment model is defined through behavior identification, initial assessments, treatment approaches, and tracking outcomes.

ISSN:0885-9701    

出版商:OVID    

年代:2000

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0885-9701    

出版商:OVID    

年代:2000

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0885-9701    

出版商:OVID    

年代:2000

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0885-9701    

出版商:OVID    

年代:2000

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0885-9701    

出版商:OVID    

年代:2000

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0885-9701    

出版商:OVID    

年代:2000

数据来源: OVID