摘要:

An apporach to rehabilitation that uses the microcomputer to teach traumatic brain injury (TBI) patients domain-specific knowledge and skills is outlined. With a training technique called the method of vanishing cues, patients are taught information and procedures that enable them to perfrom complex functions of daily life both at home and in the workplace. Advantages of computer-based instruction are summarized, and vocational tasks that provide the best possibilities for TBI patients are suggested. Issues of transfer and generalization and ways to circumvent them are also discussed.

ISSN:0885-9701    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1992

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Compensatory systems can be helpful for Individuals with traumatic brain injuries whose functional skills do not Improve in response to other types of treatment. An interactive computer–assisted compensatory cuing system, designed to assist brain–injured patients with the performance of functional skills, is described. By using this system, two of four patients Improved their performance of a simulated janitorial task. The advantages and disadvantages of interactive cuing systems are discussed, including their use as a pragmatic intervention for patients who benefit from successful experiences while they are learning at a much slower pace.

ISSN:0885-9701    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1992

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Computers have increased the scope and duration of cognitive rehabilitation. They enable head trauma rehabilitation specialists to address dynamic (real-time) aspects of information processing (speed, efficiency, multiple events). Computer programs can be designed to encourage improved therapeutic practices. Features, such as customized menus and the wide availability of portable, hard-disk computer systems permit the establishment of home-based computer-augmented cognitive rehabilitation programs, which allow an aggressive pursuit of restoration of function through exercise and practice. Computers are being used as mental prostheses and productivity tools, rather than as drillmasters, and thus they transform survivors of brain injury into executives. While computers have changed clinical practice, their inherent modifiability encourages clinicians in turn to change and direct them.

ISSN:0885-9701    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1992

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

This article presents a case for the use of a more realistic and “ecologically valid” software in cognitive rehabilitation. Beginning with a discussion of the state of the field, the author discusses the variety of programs used in computer-assisted training or cognitive rehabilitation (CACR), along with suggestions for improving the realism depicted in the software in common use in rehabilitation settings. Two newer approaches to CACR are reviewed: one recently introduced by IBM under the title THINKable and the other a system employing interactive video disc. The relative merits of these newer approaches are reviewed, and the need for greater innovation and research is emphasized.

ISSN:0885-9701    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1992

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

A wide range of assistive or rehabilitation technologies has been used to assist people having a variety of disabilities with mobility, communication, environmental control, daily living, and other activities. These technologies require certain motor, cognitive, and perceptual skills in their operation. The focus of this article is on the performance effects of the cognitive and perceptual requirements for operation of assistive technologies. To this end, the effects on human performance of the cognitive deficits commonly seen in traumatic brain injury are first reviewed. Examples of assistive technology techniques are presented with a focus on the cognitive and perceptual requirements for their operation. A model of performance for a specific assistive technology system is described, to demonstrate how an analytic approach can aid in understanding the effects of cognitive and perceptual requirements on performance. The examples and model illustrate the premise that as the assistive technology interface changes to accommodate increasing motor impairment, performance can be substantively affected by the increased cognitive and perceptual loads placed on the user. Improved understanding of performance effects related to cognitive and perceptual requirements for assistive technology operation is important for improving both selection criteria and the design of such systems.

ISSN:0885-9701    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1992

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

For adults with traumatic brain Injury (TBI) to use augmentative and alternative communication systems (ACSs) effectively, their internal language must be represented on external communication aids. Clinicians must ask four basic questions when designing ACSs for the client with TBI. What words and concepts are available to persons recovering from acquired brain injuries? How will the words and concepts be selected and organized on ACSs? What symbols will be selected to represent the words? How will the symbols be used for functional communication? ACSs for the client with TBI must represent intact language and must be flexible enough to integrate new symbols, concepts, and communication functions as they reemerge during recovery.

ISSN:0885-9701    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1992

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Survey Information was collected from 174 vocational rehabilitation facilities about current uses, desired future roles, and the perceived disadvantages and advantages of computer technology. Seventy percent of facilities reportedly used computers. Most frequently cited uses Included word processing, client training, billing, and data entry. A great majority of respondents preferred an increased role for computers. Increased roles were most desired for treatment planning, statistics, data entry, and data analysis activities. Reliability, diversity, adaptability, and increased efficiency were cited as major advantages of computer technology. The efficacy of computers in various tasks remains to be determined. However, ongoing advances in hardware and software development, as well as close communication with computer professionals about consumer needs, will enhance the overall value.

ISSN:0885-9701    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1992

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Seating the individual with traumatic brain injury (TBI) is clinically challenging from the standpoint of balancing postural support, free movement, and pressure relief with the client's continually changing physical and behavioral conditions. Prescribing appropriate seating components, whether they are planar, contoured, or custom–molded, can be completed only after a full evaluation that includes actual simulation of that system. Spatial orientation and the positive and negative effects of gravity on the TBI client must also be considered in the selection of a seating orthosis and a mobility base. The patient's cognition and motor control and the chair's projected use should be evaluated when deciding on a manual or power wheelchair base.

ISSN:0885-9701    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1992

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

A group of 30 two-parent families with an adolescent who suffered a mild-to-moderate traumatic brain injury (TBI families) was compared to a group of 30 families with a noninjured adolescent (non-TBI families) in regard to measures of perceived family functioning (McMaster Model Family Assessment Device), projected autonomy (an experimental family autonomy scale for Parent Role Response and Adolescent Role Response, from a family system perspective), and maladaptive behavior (Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scales). These evaluations were administered to both parents, the adolescent, and the sibling closest in age to the adolescent so that the family could be used as the unit of analysis. The TBI families had significantly poorer perceived functioning on six of the seven scales of the Family Assessment Device and lower projected autonomy than did non-TBI families. The TBI adolescents showed significantly more reported maladaptive behaviors and showed them more frequently than did the non-TBI adolescents. Siblings in the TBI families chose responses that projected parents as handling situations less autonomously than did siblings in non-TBI families. Sibling age was correlated with siblings' responses on the family autonomy scale (Parent Role Response only)—the older the siblings, the more likely they chose responses projecting parents as handling situations autonomously. Parents in both groups rated their family's perceived levels of functioning higher than did adolescents and siblings, and parents in both groups selected responses reflecting higher projected autonomy than did adolescents and siblings. Results are discussed in reference to differences between and similarities in TBI and non-TBI families.

ISSN:0885-9701    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1992

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0885-9701    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1992

数据来源: OVID