摘要:

To determine the cost of health care services received by persons hospitalized with traumatic brain Injuries, a population-based sample of Individuals treated at the trauma centers in El Paso County, Colorado, was followed retrospectively for 4 years after injury. Of the random sample of 251 survivors who sustained brain trauma in 1989 and 1990 (stratified by severity), 127 were successfully located and agreed to participate in the research. All medical services provided were identified through both medical record review and extensive patient interviews. Actual charges were obtained directly from the 482 vendors serving these clients. Mean charges for initial hospitalization (including acute care and rehabilitation) ranged from $17,015 for mild injuries to $133,467 for severe injuries. Four-year follow-up charges for rehospitalizations, physician visits, outpatient services, medications, equipment and supplies, attendant care, and miscellaneous services ranged from a mean of $2,323 for mild Injuries to $54,701 for severe injuries. At an incidence rate of 69 per 100,000, it is projected that the total costs for new cases of hospitalized traumatic brain Injury in any given year in the United States will exceed $8 billion over the course of the first 4 years following injury.

ISSN:0885-9701    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1995

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The impact of gender and age on community integration after brain injury was examined among 758 respondents surveyed by four regional head injury centers. After injury, most participants required more help with many activities of community living than they had before injury. Men and women alike indicated changes in independent functioning; however, larger proportions of women than men indicated that they used more help with activities such as housework and meal preparation. More older participants than younger participants reported changes in role performance. One factor that may account for these gender- and age-related differences is the instrument used to measure handicap. These results point to a need for further research on the social factors that influence community integration. More comprehensive evaluation of the role of socially relevant variables such as gender and age on community integration following brain injury is needed.

ISSN:0885-9701    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1995

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

A prospective study compared 22 consecutively admitted patients with mild traumatic brain injury (MTBI) to matched orthopedically injured (OI) and uninjured control subjects on measures of injury severity, symptoms, and disability immediately after injury and at 6 months after injury. The results showed that the method for evaluating symptoms (ie, volunteered versus elicited) has a significant effect on symptom frequency and ability of symptoms to differentiate the MTBI group from the other groups. In comparison to OI and control subjects, a small but significant percentage of MTBI subjects volunteered somatic and cognitive symptoms at 6 months after injury, suggesting that these symptoms are core components of the postconcussion disorder. Pain and emotional distress also seem to contribute to the disorder but appear to represent the general effects of trauma rather than the specific effects of MTBI. The presence of pain has a significant effect on recovery from trauma, including MTBI. A significant percentage of MTBI and OI subjects perceive that they have not recovered by 6 months after injury; however, there appears to be a specific perception of vocational disability after MTBI that is primarily characterized by cognitive symptoms and is not accounted for by a more general effect of trauma.

ISSN:0885-9701    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1995

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Psychometric characteristics of the Community Integration Questionnaire (CIQ) were replicated and extended. Retrospective CIQs assessing premorbid functioning were completed at inpatient admission for 461 patients with traumatic brain injury (TBI) or disabilities resulting from other injuries. Data were collected at follow-up from 217 persons. The total score was normally distributed, with premorbid scores showing a slight negative skew. Significant mean differences for premorbid versus follow-up samples were evident for the total score and all three subscales, except TBI home integration. Age and gender had minimal effects on total and subscale scores. Overall, results supported the utility of the CIQ as a measure of handicap following TBI. Problems in the distribution of the productivity subscale suggested that it should not be used independently of the total score. Findings also suggested that retrospective assessment may be a useful method for collecting comparative data and that the CIQ can be used to measure integration in populations other than TBI.

ISSN:0885-9701    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1995

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Four regional brain injury centers surveyed 758 individuals with loss of consciousness from head trauma who were living in the community. Relationships among demographic characteristics, severity of impairment, severity of disability, extent of handicap, and life satisfaction were assessed with multiple regression. While the demographic and impairment variables were relatively weak predictors of disability, the combination of these variables was a much stronger predictor of handicap. In turn, 13% of the adjusted variance in life satisfaction was accounted for by these variables. These results support the World Health Organization model of impairment, disability, and handicap and suggest that efforts to remediate disability have a direct benefit in reducing handicap and enhancing life satisfaction.

ISSN:0885-9701    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1995

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Four regional TBI rehabilitation and prevention centers funded by the Rehabilitation Services Administration surveyed constituents concerning their participation in productive activities and the medical and rehabilitation services they had utilized within the preceding month. Analysis revealed that both productivity and service utilization were affected by geographical location, age at time of survey, educational level, gender, severity of injury, and time since injury. Persons who were most severely injured were more likely to be less productive and to utilize more services. The relationship between productivity and service utilization requires further systematic research.

ISSN:0885-9701    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1995

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The major service delivery component of the Southeastern Comprehensive Head Injury Center (SCHIC) is the Interactive Community Based Model (ICBM), a criterion-based, five-phase vocational rehabilitation program designed to maximize employment, independence, and quality of life through community reintegration for adults with traumatic brain injury and their families. A stepwise approach to establishing attainable goals is accomplished through the five-phase model of intervention and treatment. The model focuses on providing information and services that involve and empower survivors and families to ensure their active participation in service recommendations and decision making.

ISSN:0885-9701    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1995

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Objective:To determine the effects of stimulus modality on the verbal learning of patients with closed head injury (CHI) and to compare the performance of the patients with CHI to matched normal subjects.Patients:Twenty-four randomly selected subjects with moderate to severe CHI were matched in age, sex, education, and handedness to 16 normal volunteers.Main outcome measure:A multitrial free recall paradigm incorporating three modalities (auditory, visual, and auditory plus visual) was used to measure the number of words learned per trial.Results:Subjects with CHI learned new information at a significantly slower rate compared with normal subjects. Patients with CHI learned more words presented visually (with or without auditory presentation of names) during free recall and recognition.Conclusions:Visual therapy methods that incorporate pictures may enhance verbal learning in patients with moderate to severe CHI.

ISSN:0885-9701    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1995

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0885-9701    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1995

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0885-9701    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1995

数据来源: OVID