摘要:

AbstractThe infrared detection apparatus used in breast thermography is relatively costly and therefore is not widely available to less populated areas in the country. The use of liquid cholesterol crystals, applied to the breast (applied over a water‐base black dye) has already been described in the literature as an effective substitute for infrared instrument thermography. This method, however, has been hampered by the time and troublesome effort necessary for removal of the substances upon completion of the study.The object of this study was to devise a feasible method of cutaneous breast thermography using liquid cholesterol esters, as in prior studies, but by applying them to an easily removable black base. As a result the length of the examination has been shortened, and patients have found the examination to be aesthetically more acceptable. With this improved method, liquid crystal thermography of the breast (and other areas) should become more widely applicabl

ISSN:0022-4790    

DOI:10.1002/jso.2930080502

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1976

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractA case report of a patient who developed peritoneal mesothelioma 7 years after internal and external irradiation for carcinoma of the cervix is reported. No previous reports of induction of this tumor by irradiation have been found. The subject of radiation‐induced tumors and peritoneal mesothelioma is briefly discusse

ISSN:0022-4790    

DOI:10.1002/jso.2930080503

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1976

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractImmunocompetent lymphoid cells cultured in vitro with allogeneic stimulator cells have been shown to produce T‐lymphocyte populations which are specifically cytotoxic in vitro to the stimulatory cells whether normal or malignant. Although the culture requirements as well as the allogeneic requirements are known, the events leading to the production of T‐lymphocyte cytotoxic cells is poorly understood. This study examines the role of cell division in the production of allogeneic cytotoxic T‐cells in vitro.The elimination of cell division during the first 24 hr of allogeneic culture does not affect the cell‐mediated cytotoxic immune response in vitro. Cell division is required, however, from 24 hr through 96 hr in culture and not necessary afte

ISSN:0022-4790    

DOI:10.1002/jso.2930080504

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1976

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractWhy do tumors continue to grow in the presence of cell‐mediated immune reactions? When inoculated subcutaneously, 105viable spontaneous mammary adenocarcinoma cells produced solid tumors that progressively proliferated and eventually kilted all the recipient mice. During the first 10 days after inoculation, the mice developed antibody titers, and the serum acquired toxic activity against the tumor cells. As the tumor gained in size these two activities ceased. Serum of normal mice had no effect on the tumor; the serum of mice immunized with an adenocarcinoma‐associated antigen (a glycoprotein) inhibited growth, but that of mice with progressive tumors enhanced proliferation of the tum

ISSN:0022-4790    

DOI:10.1002/jso.2930080505

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1976

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractIn a book written by Everson and Cole (1966) on spontaneous regression 176 examples of the phenomenon were encountered in the medical literature from 1900 to 1964, supplemented by cases referred by friends. No common denominator of explanations were found. Various types of trauma (e.g., biopsy, incomplete excision), transfusions, infection, hormone changes, drugs, etc were encountered as possible causative factors. Most significant of all factors was encountered in the 13 examples of spontaneous regression of the bladder; in this series regression of the tumor occurred in 10 after transplantation of the ureters out of the bladder.A consideration and discussion of various reactions in human beings associated with therapeutic regressions have been reviewed hoping to develop a correlation between the two types of regression. At the time of publication of our monograph 9 years ago we were unable to suggest any mechanisms which might explain the regressions. However, since that time so many advances have been made in immunology that it appears now that a stimulation of the immune process might explain most of the regressions. We are just beginning to learn a few methods of stimulating the immune process. Use of BOG is one of the best examples of this stimulating process; other bacterial agents, or fractions, are known to have this action. No doubt there are innumerable others unknown, some of which might explain spontaneous regressions. It would appear that hormonal changes might be responsible for many of the regressions but this author doubts it explains many. More is known at the present time about cellular immunity than humoral immunity, but greater possibilities surely lie in humoral immunity. The blocking and unblocking activities developed by the Hellströms and associates are no doubt important. Immunoglobulins exert a very important role in the immune process; antibodies may consist of immunoglobulins but much more needs to be known before this relationship can be understood.The recent report (Amery, 1975) that levamisole (given at the time of resection of the lung for carcinoma) improves patient survival is exciting. Amery believes the drug may prevent the hematogenous spread of the tumor during surgery and/or may decrease the immunosuppression caused by a major operation

ISSN:0022-4790    

DOI:10.1002/jso.2930080506

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1976

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractA total of 102 abdominal surgical wounds in cancer patients were closed with absorbable suture material. The object of the study was to evaluate whether patients with cancer having possible wound healing impairments could be closed with absorbable sutures, thereby omitting the difficulties involved with retention sutures or nonabsorbable material. Polyglycolic acid sutures were used in the fascia in all of these patients, and they were studied regarding the incidence of wound infection, wound dehiscence, and incisional hernias. There were no instances of wound dehiscence in the entire series. A wound infection rate of 14.8% was encountered. The incidence of incisional hernia following either infection or primary healing was noted to be markedly decreased. The rate of wound dehiscence and wound hernia was sufficiently low to lead us to recommend this type of abdominal wound closure in all cancer patients.

ISSN:0022-4790    

DOI:10.1002/jso.2930080507

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1976

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractAdenosine‐aminohydrolase activity in the red blood cells and lymphocytes of transplant patients were assayed by continuous flow analysis. This enzyme, which has been implicated in the ability of lymphocytes to mount an immune response, was evaluated in renal allografted patients immunosuppressed by azothioprine and methylprednisone. Red cell adenosine‐aminohydrolase activity was depressed in all patients when compared to nontreated healthy controls. Adenosine aminohydrolase activity was raised in the lymphocytes of the renal allografted patients. Renal transplant patients' in vitro lymphocyte reactivity to antigens, mitogens, or skin testing to specific antigens, confirmed the depressive effects of immunosuppression observed in vivo. We conclude from these studies that red cell adenosine‐aminohydrolase activity may be a more sensitive index of the state of immunoresponsiveness than the corresponding enzyme activity in the lymph

ISSN:0022-4790    

DOI:10.1002/jso.2930080508

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1976

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractMalignant parotid tumors in 224 patients were dealt with surgically at the Mayo Clinic between 1940 and 1969. The clinical histories, including follow‐up of 5 years or more in every case, were reviewed with particular attention to sacrifice of the facial nerve in conjunction with the excision of tumor. This was done in 65 cases. High‐grade malignancy necessitated nerve sacrifice; other frequent indications were preoperative facial‐nerve paralysis, pain, and rapid growth of the tumor. Over the 30‐year review period, the trend was toward more radical surgery, often including nerve sacrifice, and away from local excision and radiotherapy. Nerve grafting or anastomosis of a sacrificed nerve was seldom performed in an attempt to lessen the cosmetic defect of facial paralysis. Later reconstructive procedures are

ISSN:0022-4790    

DOI:10.1002/jso.2930080509

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1976

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractAdequate margins are of primary importance in a composite resection of oropharyngeal carcinomas. Secondary considerations include the functional status and cosmetic result of the patient after the operation. A series of 6 patients demonstrate that, in selected cases, a lip‐splitting approach to increase exposure while ensuring adequate margins may be undertaken without undue fear of functional impairment or cosmetic deformity. The ultimate result will depend on proper placement of the incisions and careful reapproximation of tissu

ISSN:0022-4790    

DOI:10.1002/jso.2930080510

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1976

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe effectiveness of screening random asymptomatic women for breast cancer using mammography has been analyzed using a new mathematical‐computer technology. The technology is based on a general mathematical theory of screening recently developed by Blumenson combined with a mathematical model for breast cancer developed by Blumenson and Bross over the past decade. The technology makes it relatively simple to try alternative strategies for age at onset of screening, screening interval, etc. and to calculate the relative effectiveness of the strategy. When the benefits of alternative strategies with periodic screening beginning at different ages were compared with the increasing risk of iatrogenic disease from multiple exposure to low levels of radiation, it was concluded that screening of asymptomatic women should begin no earlier than age 5

ISSN:0022-4790    

DOI:10.1002/jso.2930080511

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1976

数据来源: WILEY