ISSN:0022-4790    

DOI:10.1002/jso.2930030602

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1971

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0022-4790    

DOI:10.1002/jso.2930030603

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1971

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractA considerable amount of the nuclear medicine physician's attention is directed toward the screening of patients for tumor diagnosis or for the growth or metastasis of known tumor. Two basic techniques of radionuclide tumor detection are (1) rendering the normal tissue in an organ radioactive and looking for abnormal, nonradioactive areas which represent tumor involvement and (2) making the tumor itself radioactive and hence readily detectable in the relatively nonradioactive normal tissue. Liver, kidney, and thyroid scanning utilize the first method, while metastatic thyroid, brain, and bone tumor scans are examples of the second. The superiority of the technique for finding a hot or bright lesion in a cold or dark background has prompted attempts at extension of this method to the search for tumors. Among the newer agents which specifically label tumors and are being evaluated are Ga67‐citrate in lung carcinomas and lymphomas, Se75‐selenite in brain and bone tumors, radioiodinated antifibrinogen for various tumors, and radioiodinated iodoquine in malignant melan

ISSN:0022-4790    

DOI:10.1002/jso.2930030604

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1971

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractMechanisms for localization of radionuclides in soft tissue tumors are discussed in relationship to a sequential observation of the label from the time it enters the intravascular space until the time it can be identified in a tumor in greater concentration than in surrounding normal structures. In the case of soft tissue lymphoma identification with gallium or other labeled compounds, it appears that the degree of positivity on a scan will depend upon the characteristic features that the tumor has which differ from the normal surrounding structure. These features include the relative blood volume in the tumor, the transcapillary transport of labeled protein within the tumor, the relative pinocytotic activity of tumor cells in relation to normal tissue, the relative affinity for the label of intracellular proteins in tumor cellsvs. normal tissue, and finally the capacity of the tumor to retain the radioactive label due to poor lymphatic drainage or interstitial pressure different from surrounding tissue. By appreciating these possible mechanisms, we may now be able to search for those features which would lead toward positive tumor scans and predict the characteristic features of tumors which will make it possible to detect them by tracer methods. In recognizing these features, we may be able to develop tracer techniques to improve the identification of soft tissue neoplasms.

ISSN:0022-4790    

DOI:10.1002/jso.2930030605

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1971

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe principal imaging devices used in clinical and research medicine are mentioned with a more detailed discussion of the instruments used in clinical practice and the modified devices presently in operation at Donner Laboratories. Radionuclide imaging techniques have become remarkably sophisticated since the first mechanical scanner was introduced 20 years ago. Today, high‐resolution scintigrams can be produced in minutes, and sequential images, each requiring only a few seconds, provide data on blood flow distribution and organ function. Tomographic imaging has further extended the capability and reliability of organ imagin

ISSN:0022-4790    

DOI:10.1002/jso.2930030606

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1971

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractComputers for display, data manipulation, quantitation, diagnoses, and tomography offer the potential of improving the diagnostic efficacy of radionuclide imaging procedures. Although one may legitimately take issue over the question of expensevs. results using present computer systems and techniques, it remains an undeniable fact that if the demand for quantitative information and its manipulation increases, the computer must eventually come to play a central role in nuclear medicine. Indeed, as the phenomena taken under study increase in complexity, perhaps evolving into multiparameter studies, the computer will necessarily be required to present these data in a form meaningful to the physician. This refinement of technique is readily applicable to oncological studies.

ISSN:0022-4790    

DOI:10.1002/jso.2930030607

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1971

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractSelenite (Se75) is a useful scanning agent for visualization of a wide variety of neoplasms in the brain, skeletal system, and chest. Although tumor specificity is not absolute, this agent shows a relatively high selectivity for lesions containing actively metabolizing cells. Other advantages include ready availability, low cost, long ‘shelf‐life,’ and convenient gamma‐energy spectrum for imaging. The major disadvantage is a relatively long biologic retention, which limits the size of the dose which can be administered. Selenite is recommended, therefore, as a secondary scanning agent, to be used in conjunction with shorter‐lived radiopharmaceuticals. When so used, Se75‐selenite often increases the diagnostic accuracy of scanning

ISSN:0022-4790    

DOI:10.1002/jso.2930030608

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1971

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe brain scan has become a safe, efficient, and accurate method of screening patients who are suspected of having intracranial abnormalities. Tumor detection and localization are now possible in approximately 90% of patients seen, comparing favorably with results of angiography and pneumoencephalography. Improvements in radionuclides and detection equipment have made possible refinements of techniques to allow study of cerebral vasculature at the time of nuclide injection for the routine static studies. Certain tumors have been found to have specific characteristics on the dynamic and static brain scans and can be predicted with some certainty in many instances. Normal scan anatomy and the various histologic tumor types and their patterns are described.

ISSN:0022-4790    

DOI:10.1002/jso.2930030609

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1971

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractTechnetium‐99m pertechnetate and technetium‐99m human serum albumin have been used within a 24‐hr interval to evaluate the vascularity of abnormalities detected on routine technetium‐99mpertechnetate brain scans. Human serum albumin tagged with technetium‐99mhas provided superior resolution of vascular lesions on static images but offered no advantage over technetium‐99mpertechnetate for early static imaging of neoplastic lesions. The use of technetium‐99mhuman serum albumin in the resolution of suspicious areas observed on routine technetium‐99mpertechnetate static scans is advised because it (1) more accurately detects vascular lesions, (2) serves better to indicate their total vascularity, and (3) will differentiate vascular lesions from neo

ISSN:0022-4790    

DOI:10.1002/jso.2930030610

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1971

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractLiver scans, biopsies, and function studies were reviewed in 63 cancer patients and correlated with autopsy material to determine the value of the liver scan in such patients. The scan is abnormal in 96% of patients with autopsy‐confirmed hepatic disease, but the scan pattern is of little assistance in differentiating tumor from nontumor pathology. Liver function studies are equally nonspecific and even less sensitive than the scan. Percutaneous biopsy, while diagnostic when positive, is insensitive, showing false‐negative results in up to 40% of cases. The liver scan, as the most sensitive indicator of liver disease, may be most valuable when normal, reflecting a better prognosis and aiding in the determination of treatment. When the liver scan is abnormal, more specific tests must be employed. A method of approach is sugges

ISSN:0022-4790    

DOI:10.1002/jso.2930030611

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1971

数据来源: WILEY