摘要:

AbstractTo elucidate the principal cause of delayed wound healing in a tumor‐bearing host, the effect of Yoshida sarcoma‐derived components on dermal wound healing was investigated in rats with the aid of ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) activity and in vivo bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) labeling index. The ODC activity in the wounded skin decreased 3 and 7 days after intraperitoneal inoculation of Yoshida sarcoma cells (378.0 ± 37.3 on Day 3, 280.0 ± 140.0 on Day 7 vs. 809.3 ± 109.5 pmol/mg protein/hour on Day 0). When administered 24 hours before and immediately after wounding, the crude nuclear component of the tumor cells significantly decreased the ODC activity in the wounded skin as compared with the control (185.9 ± 159.8 vs. 5340 ± 59.1), but the non‐nuclear component was not effective. When nuclear extracts of Yoshida sarcoma cells were intraperitoneally administered immediately after wounding, the 0.15 M or 0.35 M NaCl extract significantly suppressed ODC activity in the wounded skin (233.5 ± 14.5 and 352.3 ± 63.2 pmol/mg protein/hour, respectively) in comparison to the control (445.9 ± 73.6). The BrdU labeling index of epidermal basal cells adjacent to the edge of the wound decreased up to 52% of the control by injection of the 0.15 M extract. It seems that tumor‐derived nuclear components may be responsible for delayed wound healing which is commonly observed in cancer cachexia. ©

ISSN:0022-4790    

DOI:10.1002/jso.2930550302

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractPatient compliance with the increasingly complex adjuvant therapy protocols has always been of concern, particularly in the head and neck cancer population. The Head and Neck Intergroup recently concluded a phase III prospective randomized trial testing the addition of three courses of cisplatinum containing combination chemotherapy to standard treatment defined as surgery and postoperative radiotherapy for advanced stage III and IV squamous cell carcinoma. The chemotherapy was administered following the surgery prior to the postoperative radiotherapy. Variation from protocol is ranked retrospectively as minor acceptable, major acceptable, and major unacceptable. The incidence of major unacceptable variation from the protocol for radiotherapy immediately following the surgery was 15% vs. 19% in the population that completed all three courses of the chemotherapy (P<0.10). However, for those patients that completed less than the three courses of chemotherapy, the incidence of major unacceptable variation in radiotherapy was 33% (P<0.001). This observation was controlled for site, stage, performance status, age, sex, surgical margins and experience of participating institution. We conclude that compliance with a multicourse adjuvant chemotherapy regimen is predictive of subsequent compliance to radiotherapy in the head and neck cancer population. © Wiley‐Liss, I

ISSN:0022-4790    

DOI:10.1002/jso.2930550303

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe immunomodulative effect of perioperative allogeneic blood transfusion on host immunocompetence was studied in 109 patients with gastric cancer at various stages. Mitogen‐induced lymphocyte blastogenesis, lymphocyte surface markers (specific for T, B, CD4, and CD8 populations), and the activity of natural killer (NK) cells were examined before surgery and then 2 and 4 weeks after surgery. The effects on host immunocompetence of transfusion alone, in the absence of any effect of surgical stress, were studied, preoperatively, in nine patients who received preoperative transfusion. Although a tendency towards a decrease in the posttransfusion activity of NK cells was observed, there were no statistically significant differences between pre‐ and posttransfusion levels. Mitogen‐induced blastogenesis and the activity of NK cells were significantly impaired 2 weeks after surgery in transfused patients as compared to those in non‐transfused patients with gastric cancer at stage III and stage IV, and postoperative survival was significantly lower in transfused as compared to nontransfused patients. These results indicate that perioperative allogeneic blood transfusion exacerbates surgical stress‐induced postoperative immunosuppression and has a negative effect on prognosis in patients with gastric cancer. © Wiley

ISSN:0022-4790    

DOI:10.1002/jso.2930550304

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractFibrin and platelets contribute to the development of blood borne metastases by facilitating the arrest of tumor cell emboli in the microcirculation. We have previously demonstrated that the fibrinolytic agent strep‐tokinase inhibits pulmonary tumor cell seeding in an animal model. To determine whether this effect was potentiated by antiplatelet therapy, a further study was performed to assess the effect of streptokinase in combination with aspirin in a similar model. The results demonstrated that aspirin did not significantly enhance the antimetastatic effect of streptokinase (median: streptokinase = 60, streptokinase + aspirin = 60.5,P= 0.79, Mann Whitney). In a second series of experiments, the antimetastatic effect of streptokinase was compared with another fibrinolytic agent, human recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (rt‐PA). Fibrinolytic doses of streptokinase (30,000 units/kg) and rt‐PA (5 mg/kg) significantly reduced pulmonary tumor seeding when compared with controls (median: control = 48, streptokinase = 23,P<0.01, rt‐PA = 29,P<0.001). There was no significant difference in pulmonary tumor seeding between the groups treated with streptokinase and rt‐PA (P = 0.56). The clinical implications of these findings are discussed. © Wiley

ISSN:0022-4790    

DOI:10.1002/jso.2930550305

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractProblem: Fifty‐three patients (30 men, 23 women) with histologically proven adrenal carcinoma were reviewed. Nineteen (36%) had endocrine manifestations from functioning tumors. Arteriography was positive in 95% (19/20), CT scan in 94% (17/18), and ultrasound in 92% (12/13). Seventy‐six percent of the patients, at the time of diagnosis, were stage III and IV. Most common metastatic sites were the liver, lymph nodes, bone, and lungs. Local recurrence developed in 39% of cases (15/38).Method: Forty‐one patients underwent an operation. Complete surgical removal of all gross tumor was achieved in 24 patients.Result: The overall median survival time was 8 months, and the estimated 5‐year survival rate 19%. There were significant differences in survival between the various stages (P= 0.01) and between the group of patients who underwent complete excision of the tumor and those with incomplete resection (P= 0.002).Conclusions: Complete surgical excision offers the best prospect for long‐term survival in localized adrenal carcinoma. © Wiley

ISSN:0022-4790    

DOI:10.1002/jso.2930550306

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe lymphocytes and their subsets were determined in the peripheral blood of 62 gastric cancer patients and 68 controls using fluorescent conjugated monoclonal antibodies and flow cytometry (FACScan method). A significant increase in the total number of white blood cells from gastric cancer patients was noted in comparison to controls, but the percentage of lymphocytes was the same. The percentage of suppressor (cytotoxic) T cells (CD8) showed no difference in all stages of gastric cancer patients evaluated, but the percentage of helper (inducer) T cells (CD4) and the CD4/ CD8 ratio decreased significantly in the advanced stages III and IV. Depression of the CD4/CD8 ratio was well correlated with tumor invasion, lymph node metastasis, and tumor size but not with sex, age, tumor location, gross type, or histologic differentiation. It appeared that the immune defect of gastric cancer patients was associated with the afferent arm (CD4) and worsened as the disease advanced. These results suggest that immunotherapy to stimulate the deficient immune system may play an important part in the multimodality treatment of patients with advanced gastric cancer. © Wiley‐Liss, I

ISSN:0022-4790    

DOI:10.1002/jso.2930550307

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe tumorigenicity of various cell lines has been shown to be suppressed by the introduction of chromosome 11 and other chromosomes via micro‐cell‐mediated chromosome transfer. In this study, we investigated whether a human undifferentiated thyroid carcinoma cell line, TTA‐1, was suppressed by the introduction of normal human chromosome 11 or 10. Chromosome 10 or 11 was transferred from A9cells containing a single human chromosome 10 or 11 tagged with pSV2‐neo plasmid DNA into TTA‐1 cells, by microcell fusion. The tumorigenicity of the TTA‐1 cells and their colony‐forming efficiency in soft agar were suppressed by chromosome 11, but not by chromosome 10. These results suggest that normal human chromosome 11 carries a putative tumor suppressor gene that affects the tumor‐associated phenotypes of TTA‐1 cells.

ISSN:0022-4790    

DOI:10.1002/jso.2930550308

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractAlthough the testicular cytotoxicity of methotrexate has been evaluated in the rat, previous models have utilized routes other than the intravenous one, and have generally employed multiple‐dose regimens. In this report, we describe testicular toxicity in the Sprague‐Dawley rat following a single intravenous bolus of methotrexate (0‐700 mg/kg body weight [BW]), with necropsy 56 days later. Testicular toxicity was evaluated qualitatively by histology and quantitatively by testicular weight, sperm head count, modified Johnsen score, repopulation index, and epididymal index. Effects of methotrexate on heart, lung, liver, and kidney histology were evaluated qualitatively. Oligospermia occurred at low and intermediate dosages of methotrexate, but testicular atrophy was not observed. LD50at day five for methotrexate appears to be approximately 300 mg/kg BW using this regimen. This model will facilitate the study of techniques to avoid drug‐induced testicular damage. © Wiley

ISSN:0022-4790    

DOI:10.1002/jso.2930550309

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractLymphokine‐activated killer (LAK) cell activity of peripheral blood mono‐nuclear cells (PBM), spleen cells (SPC), regional lymph node cells (LNC), and tumor‐infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL), induced by activation with in‐terleukin 2 (IL 2) for 4 days, was evaluated in patients with gastric carcinoma. TIL exhibited the lowest LAK activity and the cytotoxicity of LNC was significantly lower than that of either PBM or SPC. There was no difference between PBM and SPC. Then, there were significant correlations of LAK activity among PBM, SPC, and LNC, whereas poor correlations were observed in the cytotoxicity between TIL and PBM, SPC, or LNC. Phenotypic analysis of each cell population was performed before and after activation with IL 2. Before culture, the cells mediating natural killer (NK) activity such as CD16+, CD56+, and CD57+cells were few in LNC and TIL. However, CD56+and CD57+cells in TIL were increased after culture. Then, CD4+Leu8+and CD8+CD11+cells, which identify suppressor cell function, were not elevated in LNC or TIL, as compared to that in PBM or SPC. Further, the proportions of OKIa1+and CD25+cells expressing T‐cell activation and IL 2 receptor were uniformly increased in all cell populations after culture. These results indicate the differential reactivity of each lymphocyte population to IL 2 and fundamental dysfunction of LNC and, especially TIL, suggesting the specific influence of the local tumor environment on the lymphocyte function in the area in patients with gastric carcinoma. © Wiley

ISSN:0022-4790    

DOI:10.1002/jso.2930550310

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractReconstructive procedures following chest wall resection pose a special surgical challenge. With modern surgical technique, a wide range of reconstructive options are at the surgeon's disposal and, hence it is imperative that the appropriate procedure be selected in a given patient. A total of 64 patients underwent resection of malignant chest wall tumors at the Tata Memorial Hospital. The technique of preference at our institution for reconstruction of full‐thickness chest wall defects uses a combination of autogenous fascia lata and Marlexmesh. We present our experience with chest wall reconstruction following extirpative surgery in these patients. © Wiley‐Liss,

ISSN:0022-4790    

DOI:10.1002/jso.2930550311

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY