摘要:

AbstractPrevention of cancer is now divided into primary and secondary prevention. Primary prevention is that set of interventions that keeps a cancerous process from ever developing and includes health counseling and education, environmental controls, and product safety as examples. Secondary prevention is that set of interventions leading to the discovery and control of cancerous or precancerous processes while localized, i.e., screening, early detection, and effective treatment. Risk is lifelong for all, though it may vary in intensity among different groups. Jointly, primary and secondary prevention must be synthesized into optimum life time strategies that are best understood and evaluated under certain basic concepts of the epidemiology of cancer and operations research. The purpose of this report is to provide a brief review of these concepts applied to primary and secondary prevention of human cancer. Improved understanding of these concepts is essential for planning, implementation, and evaluation of prevention programs.

ISSN:0022-4790    

DOI:10.1002/jso.2930180302

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1981

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractBetween 1972 and 1979, forty‐six women underwent endocrine ablative surgery, having failed combinations of chemotherapy, radiation, and surgery (including oophorectomy). All had clinically measurable disease; nearly half were afflicted with bone pain. Each was judged to be a candidate for the procedure by estrogen receptor studies (52%), response to L‐dopa (39%), or response to prior oophorectomy (8%). All were followed to their death or to the present, with a minimum of 12 months for those alive. Thirty‐one (67%) were improved, and disease was arrested in five (11%) for a median time of 13.5 months. There was no difference in response rates or intervals between estrogen receptor‐positive and L‐dopa‐positive groups. Response was not correlated with disease‐free interval or menopausal status. Best results were achieved in those with metastases confined to an organ system, particularly the skeletal complex. The procedure is withheld in those with brain metastases. Postablative chemotherapy appeared to prolong the control interval, though numbers are small. The low morbidity and mortality (one death) of midline adrenaloophorectomy combined with the high incidence of recapture of disease leads us to recommend this procedure in appropriately selected patients who have previously failed other therapeut

ISSN:0022-4790    

DOI:10.1002/jso.2930180303

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1981

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractPrevious publications from our laboratory have demonstrated the presence of antigens in the urine of cancer patients detectable by the complement fixation (CF) assay. The purpose of this study was to develop a methodology for purification of these tumor‐associated antigen(s) using xenogeneic antisera as a specific immunoabsorbent. Urine possessing high antigen titer by CF was collected from sarcoma patients. Xenoantiserum to the urinary antigens was prepared by injection of concentrated, dialyzed urine mixed with complete Freund's adjuvant into rabbits. Control xenoantisera were obtained by injection of pooled human normal urine in an identical manner. The antisarcoma urine xenoantisera were absorbed with human normal liver and insolubilized human normal serum to remove cross‐reacting antibodies to normal human components. The immunoglobulin fraction of the xenoantisera was isolated by ammonium sulfate precipitation and covalently linked to Sepharose 4B beads. Urine from a sarcoma patient was reacted with the immunobeads, and the affinity absorbed antigen(s) were eluted with 3.5 M potassium thiocyanate. The affinity purified urinary antigen had a CF titer of 1:128 against xenoantisera that had been quantitatively absorbed with human normal liver cells and the insolubilized normal human serum. Absorption of the xenoantiserum with cultured allogeneic sarcoma cells removed all activity against the affinity purified antigen(s). The results suggest that the cultured sarcoma cells expressed antigens immunologically similar to those present in the urine of sarcoma patients, and that these antigens can be isolated from urine of cancer patients and purified by affinity chromatography. The affinity purified antigens(s) was labeled with125I by the vapor phase chloramine‐T method, and a radioimmunoassay was developed. By radioimmunoassay, antisarcoma urine xenoantiserum absorbed with human normal liver and insolubilized serum had a titer of 1:4000 against the affinity purified antigen. Xenoantisera to pooled normal human urine treated similarly showed no reactivity to the affinity purified antigen. Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of the radiolabeled antigen(s) showed a single peak in the 40,000‐ to 50,000‐ dal

ISSN:0022-4790    

DOI:10.1002/jso.2930180304

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1981

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractRegional chemotherapy with Adriamycin via the pulmonary artery produces significantly higher tissue levels in the infused canine lobe than systemic administration. Seven patients with soft tissue sarcomas who had received the maximum dose of Adriamycin and had shown metastatic tumor recurrence to the lungs, received small doses of 10 to 20 mg of Adriamycin in the lobar arteries supplying areas with tumor via a Swan‐Ganz catheter, temporarily occluding with its inflated balloon the infused artery. One partial objective regression was noted. A total of 56 injections of Adriamycin was given through individual lobar arteries in the seven patients. This preliminary experience indicates the feasibility and relative safety of the use of the pulmonary artery for regional chemotherapy of pulmonary malignant tumors and suggests fuflher cautious exploration of this metho

ISSN:0022-4790    

DOI:10.1002/jso.2930180305

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1981

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractA young woman developed metastases to both breasts from an ethmoid sinus adenocarcinoma diagnosed 2 1/2 years earlier. Despite surgical excision of the breast metastases, postoperative radiotherapy to both breasts, and intensive chemotherapy, her breast metastases recurred in association with rapid progression of the disease in general. She died 1 year after the initial diagnosis of breast metastases. This case is the eighth report of a malignancy arising in the head and neck that metastasized to the breasts. The relevant literature is reviewed.

ISSN:0022-4790    

DOI:10.1002/jso.2930180306

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1981

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractTwo patients with gastric outlet obstruction secondary to ovarian carcinoma are presented. The importance of considering this complication in an obstructed patient with known ovarian carcinoma is emphasized. Treatment of this condition by gastroenterostomy can lead to significant palliation, as well as allow further treatment of the primary disease by other modalities such as chemotherapy.

ISSN:0022-4790    

DOI:10.1002/jso.2930180307

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1981

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractA renal allograft recipient was diagnosed as having a primary gastric lymphoma 11 years following transplant. Pathology showed a large cell diffuse (histiocytic) lymphoma with lymph node metastases. Pulmonary metastases developed despite curative resection and adjuvant radiation therapy. An aggressive approach to the evaluation of abdominal symptoms following transplantation is indicated to attempt early diagnosis of gastrointestinal malignancies and to allow prompt treatment.

ISSN:0022-4790    

DOI:10.1002/jso.2930180308

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1981

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractIn this paper an attempt has been made to study the histologic and epidemiologic features of breast cancer in women from various religious groups of Greater Bombay. The crude and age‐ adjusted incidence rates are seen to be the highest in the Parsi community followed by the Christian, Moslem, and Hindu groups. In all the religious groups, an increase in incidence of breast cancer is first seen in the third decade. This is followed by a sharp increase up to the age of 50‐54, leading to a slight drop, and then a consistent but slower rise in the older ages. The high risk of developing this cancer in Parsi women as compared with the Christian, Moslem, and Hindu experience may be due to a higher proportion of Parsi women remaining unmarried, their higher age at marriage, lower age at first pregnancy, broad spacing of pregnancies, and fewer numbers of pregnancies. The distribution according to histologic types of breast cancer in India is characterized by a high frequency of infiltrating duct carcinoma. Medullary, lobular, and squamous cell carcinoma were typical histological varieties of the older age groups, whereas ductal carcinoma was encountered mostly in premenopausal wo

ISSN:0022-4790    

DOI:10.1002/jso.2930180309

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1981

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractSurgical resection of a solitary pulmonary metastasis is an established procedure. A medical generation ago when such a shadow appeared on chest roentgenogram of a patient who had known cancer elsewhere in body, it was assumed to be “metastasis” from an extrathoracic site. With increasing advances in knowledge, the occurrence of second primary or new lesion is now no more curiosity in clinical practice. To one's surprise, the lesions that are assumed to be metastatic have often turned out to be “fresh” lesion or even unrelated benign, granulomatous, inflammatory, or parasitic lesion. This paper analyses 66 patients during a period of 20 years who underwent thoracotomy for such solitary pulmonary lesions, and emphasizes the role of diagnostic‐cum‐therapeutic‐thoracotomy in such a clinical situation where in prethoracotomy tissue diagnosis is no

ISSN:0022-4790    

DOI:10.1002/jso.2930180310

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1981

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractAlthough simplified and improved techniques have increased at a fast rate in recent years, a great number of compounds released into our environment still remain untested. It has been estimated that between 80‐90% of human cancer is a result of exposure to such compounds, and if by the application of short‐term mutagenic tests, the use of many of these compounds can be severely restricted, an enormous impact can be made on the solution of human health problems.Batteries of mutagenic tests have established an empirical relationship between mutagenisis and carcinogenisis, and, in view of the cost in terms of time and money, short‐term tests are playing an important role in first detecting, and second, eliminating potential hazards in our environment.The use of bacteria and other unicellular organisms in these assay systems has met with much criticism; due to the fact that the DNA materials affected do not directly relate to that of man. However, in conjunction with other tests, utilizing human and other mammalian cells, firm conclusions can be drawn regarding the potential hazards of certain chemicals.Recent advances in cytogenetic tests (e.g., banding chromosomes and sister chromatid exchange) have improved the sensitivity of chromosomal tests and, in so doing, have rendered them more useful in the selecting out process that can reduce substantially the mutagenic and carcinogenic hazards caused by chemicals and other deleterious agents in the enviro

ISSN:0022-4790    

DOI:10.1002/jso.2930180311

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1981

数据来源: WILEY