ISSN:8755-1209    

DOI:10.1029/RG021i005p00953

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The past four years have witnessed a growing awareness of the need for adequate global data to extend the useful range of numerical weather forecasts. This arises, at least in part, from the experience of the Global Weather Experiment: that the tropics greatly influence mid‐latitude weather and climate. Furthermore, in terms of climate analysis and forecasting, it is essential that the vast oceans of the tropics and Southern Hemisphere be well observed. These requirements make the use of satellite‐based remote sensing essent

ISSN:8755-1209    

DOI:10.1029/RG021i005p00955

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Cloud Physics is concerned with the initiation, growth and loss of particles in the earth's atmosphere. Information is therefore required of the behavior of particles as individuals over a wide range of dimensions, from 1/100 ym aerosol to 10 cm hailstones. In addition, the length of time a particle grows in a given environment depends on its motion in the atmosphere, so that the vertical air motion in the neighborhood of a particle is of equal importance in predicting its growth history. Applied problems abound.

ISSN:8755-1209    

DOI:10.1029/RG021i005p00965

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The electrification of clouds results from the separation of electrical charges and their segregation in space by air and particle motions. Detailed specification of the mechanisms involved in this important aspect of storm development is still fragmentary. This shortcoming of the subject is exemplified in the long standing controversy concerning the relative merits of precipitation and convection theories of cloud electrification [Moore, 1974; Mason, 1976; Moore, 1976]. The results of recent research have suggested that neither of these distinct views can alone provide a complete explanation for thunderstorm electrification.

ISSN:8755-1209    

DOI:10.1029/RG021i005p00984

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The previous review of U.S. lightning research for the IUGG covered the period 1971–1975 and was published by Uman et al. (1975). Although the present review is intended to cover the research of the last four years, 1979–1982, we will survey the total seven year period, 1976–1982, since the previous review. References to 82 articles were included in the 1971–1975 review, an average of 16 to 17 papers per year. Interestingly enough, the yearly average for 1976–1982 is 18, a value almost identical to the previous period. Many of these recent articles describe research performed as part of the Thunderstorm Research International Program (TRIP) hosted by the NASA Kennedy Space Center (KSC), Florida in 1976–1978 and by the New Mexico Institute of Mining and Technology in Socorro, New Mexico i

ISSN:8755-1209    

DOI:10.1029/RG021i005p00992

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Rarely, in the press of day‐to‐day scientific work, is there a quiet moment to stand back and survey our part of the geophysical landscape. These quadrennial reviews, it seems to me, are the ideal place in which to do so. But too often we have had a deadening recitation of details rather than a lively forum. I could not write that kind of rev

ISSN:8755-1209    

DOI:10.1029/RG021i005p00997

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Dynamic meteorology is the study of atmospheric motions associated with weather and climate. Traditionally dynamical meteorologists have emphasized motions of synoptic and planetary scale. During the past four years there have been a number of exciting developments in the dynamics of synoptic and plantary scale motions. Many of these are related to various aspects of short term atmospheric variability both internally and externally generated.

ISSN:8755-1209    

DOI:10.1029/RG021i005p01021

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The last four years have seen a considerable expansion in research on mesoscale atmospheric phenomena. The motivation is three‐fold: the prospect of greater forecast accuracy, an emerging ability to observe the mesoscale, and the challenge of understanding extremely complex physical mechanisms. The current level of accuracy of storm warnings and other local forecasts can be substantially advanced only by an improved ability to deal with structures smaller than the traditional synoptic scale. These structures are beginning to be described by analysis of special data and of routine surface observation

ISSN:8755-1209    

DOI:10.1029/RG021i005p01027

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Since more than a dozen papers relating to atmospheric boundary layers are published every month, it is necessary to restrict the scope of this review. Here we address only fundamental aspects of the physics of the boundary layer and exclude research related to instrumentation, specific applied areas of boundary layer research, and interactions with larger‐scale circulations.Some aspects of the boundary layer will be treated very briefly or included only in the reference lists while other topics, which have been omitted in past reviews, will be covered in more depth. Wyngaard (1978, 1979), Paegle (1979), Zeman (1981) and Nieuwstadt (1982) recently surveyed many aspects of atmospheric boundary layer researc

ISSN:8755-1209    

DOI:10.1029/RG021i005p01042

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Polar meteorology and climatology have continued to progress since the past review by Radok (1979), and the emphasis in polar meteorological and atmospheric research has continued to reflect the interests of meteorologists and other scientists in topics of global importance. Thus there is a strong concentration of research related to climatic change with observational, modeling, and theoretical studies. In addition, problems from the mainstream of world activities have intruded in some rather obvious ways into polar research. The possible consequences of air pollutants on these regions began to attract considerable attention.

ISSN:8755-1209    

DOI:10.1029/RG021i005p01048

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY